CURRENT PRACTICE IN PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY: Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors: Pathologic Classification Based on Recommendations of International Neuroblastoma Pathology Committee (Modification of Shimada Classification)

Joshi, Vijay V.

doi:10.1007/s100240050024

Cited by 119 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Ganglioneuromas, in contrast, have a strong Schwann cell component. 2 The Schwann cells are presumably of nontumor origin, 4 although this has been topic of debate. 33 This raises the question whether the high DKK3 expression in ganglioneuromas might be derived from the Schwann cell component.…”

Section: High Dkk3 Expression In Ganglioneuroma and Ganglioneuroblastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ganglioneuroblastomas are composed of a mixture of ganglioneuromatous and neuroblastomatous components. 2 The INPC classification is based on the premise that all neuroblastic tumors form a biological continuum of differentiation. 3 This is supported by the observations that malignant neuroblastomas sometimes mature into the less aggressive ganglioneuroblastomas and even to the benign ganglioneuromas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dickkopf‐3 expression is a marker for neuroblastic tumor maturation and is down‐regulated by MYCN

Koppen

Ait-Aissa

Koster

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma are neuroblastic tumors originating from the developing sympathetic peripheral nervous system. Ganglioneuromas are usually benign, while neuroblastomas have a variable prognosis and include very aggressive tumors. Examples exist of neuroblastomas regressing to ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuromas progressing to neuroblastomas. Little is known of the molecular differences between the tumor types. Here we report that Dickkopf-3 (DKK3), a putative extra cellular inhibitor of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway, showed a strongly differential expression between neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. Microarray analyses of 109 neuroblastic tumors revealed that DKK3 is strongly expressed in ganglioneuroma but only weakly in neuroblastoma. Low DKK3 expression in neuroblastoma correlated with a poor prognosis. The expression of DKK3 in the tumor series and in neuroblastoma cell lines was inversely correlated with the expression of the MYCN oncogene. Analysis of 2 neuroblastoma cell lines with inducible activity of MYCN showed that DKK3 is down-regulated by MYCN. We subsequently generated cell lines with inducible expression of DKK3, which revealed an inhibitory effect of DKK3 on proliferation. High DKK3 expression in the benign ganglioneuromas and down-regulation of DKK3 by MYCN in neuroblastoma might contribute to the strongly different clinical behavior of both neuroblastic tumor types. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: High Dkk3 Expression In Ganglioneuroma and Ganglioneuroblastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dickkopf‐3 expression is a marker for neuroblastic tumor maturation and is down‐regulated by MYCN

Koppen

Ait-Aissa

Koster

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Ganglioneuromas are composed primarily or exclusively of the ganglioneuromatous component, whereas ganglioneuroblastomas consist of an admixture of ganglioneuromatous and neuroblastomatous components; generally, the ganglioneuromatous component is present in an excess of 50% of the tumor [4,15]. In contrast to these two tumors, neuroblastomas are predominantly composed of neuroblastomatous components.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganglioneuroma in the Urinary Bladder of a Dog

Sakai

Yonemaru

Takeda³

et al. 2011

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. An 11-year-old male Labrador retriever presented with chronic oliguria. Ultrasonography findings revealed a protruding mass at the neck of the urinary bladder. A cystotomy was performed, and the mass was removed by ligation with surgical sutures. Histopathological examination revealed conspicuous foci with a variable number of ganglion cells in the tumor and abundant interwoven bundles of schwannian cells with fine fibers. The ganglion cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament. The schwannian cells were positive for vimentin, S-100 protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Thus, according to the classification of tumor with neuronal cell differentiation, the urinary tumor was diagnosed as a ganglioneuroma.KEY WORDS: canine, ganglioneuroma, urinary bladder.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 73(6): 801-803, 2011 Neuroblastic tumors, which are uncommon tumors of nerve cell origin, are classified into neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma depending on the degree of maturation of neoplastic neuroblasts and development of schwannian stroma [5,6,15]. In dogs, ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma have been reported at various sites such as the jejunum [12], rectum [2,11], olfactory cavity [8], thoracic area [14], oral mucosa [9], and central nervous system [7,13]; however, to our knowledge, there has been no reports on neuroblastic tumors in the urinary bladder of dogs. Here, we describe the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of a ganglioneuroma in the urinary bladder of an adult dog.An 11-year-old male Labrador retriever was admitted to an animal hospital with repetitive oliguria. There were no abnormal findings in general condition, routine physical examinations and blood test results. Ultrasonography showed a protruding mass at the neck of the urinary bladder. At cystotomy, there was a solitary tumor of polypoid structure connecting to the bladder wall by narrow stalk at the trigone area. Since locating the tumor near the urethral opening, it was removed by ligation with surgical sutures. The dog did not develop a recurrent neoplasm or metastasis after surgery.The tumor was fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin through a standard procedure, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and with cresyl violet solution for the detection of Nissl substances. The serial sections were stained using the peroxidase-conjugated immune polymer method (Envision; Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) with rabbit anti-neuron-specific enolase (NSE) polyclonal antibody (Dako), mouse anti-human neurofilament (NF) monoclonal antibody (Dako), rabbit anti-bovine S-100 protein polyclonal antibody (Dako), mouse anti-vimentin monoclonal antibody (Dako), and rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) polyclonal antibody (Dako). The sections for immunohistochemistry were deparaffinized, immersed in a target antigen retrieval solution (Dako) at 121°C for 20 min, developed in diaminobenzidine solution (Dako), and then counterstained with Mayer's hematoxyli...

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“…Macroscopically tumor forms large mass with a gray cut surface, often accompanied by hemorrhage and necrosis. Neuroblastoma cells are positive for neurofilament, synaptophysin, chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase [85][86][87][88][89][90].…”

Section: Neuroblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine neoplasms and somatostatin receptor subtypes expression

Hankus

Tomaszewska

2016

Nucl. Med. Rev.

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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) show wide spectrum of clinical course -from benign biological potential to recurrences and rapidly progressive disease. Somatostatin analogs that bind to somatostatin receptor are part of the therapy; detection and evaluation of activation of somatostatin receptor subtypes are part of the process of new therapy induction. When using RT-PCR method and immunohistochemistry, it is possible to detect more than two SSTR subtypes in majority or all neuroendocrine neoplasms regardless tumor origin. Generally with some exceptions, from the viewpoint of tumor grade -apart the site of origin, there is a tendency to decrease the percentage of SSTRs expression; 100% (G1, 2)-85.7% (G3) for SSTR 1; 81.8% (G1, 2)-61.9% (G3) for SSTR 2; 54.5% (G1, 2)-52.4% (G3) for SSTR 3; 9% (G1, 2)-4.8% (G3) for SSTR 5. Different studies indicate significant differences in the expression of SSTR 1 and 2A and 2B between NEC G3 small cell type and non-small cell type.Further research on SSTRs expression in NEN could serve as base to development and improvement of somatostatin analogs' pharmacotherapy in patients with unsatisfactory course.

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CURRENT PRACTICE IN PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY: Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors: Pathologic Classification Based on Recommendations of International Neuroblastoma Pathology Committee (Modification of Shimada Classification)

Cited by 119 publications

References 11 publications

Dickkopf‐3 expression is a marker for neuroblastic tumor maturation and is down‐regulated by MYCN

Dickkopf‐3 expression is a marker for neuroblastic tumor maturation and is down‐regulated by MYCN

Ganglioneuroma in the Urinary Bladder of a Dog

Neuroendocrine neoplasms and somatostatin receptor subtypes expression

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