Current perspectives on glycopeptide resistance.

Woodford, Neil; Johnson, Alan P.; Morrison, Donald A.; Speller, D. C. E.

doi:10.1128/cmr.8.4.585-615.1995

Cited by 64 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Among the antibiotic resistances observed in Lact. coryniformis CECT5711, only that to VAN is of major concern, as it is one of the last antibiotics reserved to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens (Johnson et al 1990;Woodford et al 1995). However, apart from Lactobacillus delbrueckii and the Lactobacillus acidophilus group, most lactobacilli species are intrinsically resistant to VAN, which is attributed to the synthesis of modified cell wall peptidoglycan precursors (Handwerger et al 1994;Klein et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 and Lactobacillus gasseri CECT5714

et al. 2007

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Aims: The object of the present study was to evaluate the oral toxicity of the recently isolated probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 and Lactobacillus gasseri CECT5714. Methods and Results: Enzymatic activity and antibiotic resistance profile were evaluated in vitro. Then, the oral toxicity was analysed by an in vivo experiment using 20 Balb/C mice, which were orally treated with CECT5711 or CECT5714 (1010 CFU mouse−1 day−1) during 30 days. Results showed that CECT5711 and CECT5714 have no deleterious enzymatic activities and present intrinsic antibiotic resistance profile. Administration of both strains to mice had no adverse effects on body weight or food intake. No bacteraemia was present in liver or spleen and there was no treatment‐associated bacterial translocation to these tissues. Liver glutathione content as well as plasma malondialdehide concentration were not statistically different in probiotic‐treated mice when compared with control mice. Probiotic treatment did not cause changes in the biochemical and haematological parameters analysed. Conclusions: These results suggest that strains CECT5711 and CECT5714 are nonpathogenic and likely to be safe for human consumption. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study reveals the oral safety of two new lactobacilli strains that are aimed to be used as probiotics in food and pharmaceutical applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 and Lactobacillus gasseri CECT5714

et al. 2007

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“…Since its first emergence in Europe in 1988, VRE has rapidly spread and become an infection control problem in many countries worldwide. 6,16 The effectiveness of antimicrobials with activity against VRE from urinary isolates varies significantly among studies and by region. Data from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in 2007 describe a very diverse epidemiologic situation in Europe, with VRE rates estimated from as high as 37% in Greece to less than 1% in the Netherlands.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vancomycin‐Resistant Enterococcal Urinary Tract Infections

2010

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Enterococci are a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) among hospitalized patients. The rising prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is of particular concern within many institutions because of its association with increased mortality and health care costs, as well as limited treatment options. Clinicians need to differentiate between VRE-associated urinary colonization, asymptomatic bacteriuria, and UTIs in order to determine the need for treatment, optimal therapeutic options, and length of therapy. Unnecessary use of antibiotics in patients simply colonized and not infected with VRE in the urine has become a large problem in both hospitals and long-term care facilities. A PubMed-MEDLINE search was conducted to identify all English-language literature published between January 1975 and March 2010 in order to summarize diagnostic criteria and treatment options for VRE UTIs. Several antimicrobials are discussed, with the specific focus on those with the potential to treat VRE UTIs and susceptibility patterns of VRE from urinary sources: ampicillin, amoxicillin, daptomycin, doxycycline, fosfomycin, imipenem-cilastatin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, penicillin, piperacillin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, tetracycline, and tigecycline. Recommendations for empiric treatment of enterococcal UTIs and definitive treatment of VRE UTIs, including an evidence-based treatment algorithm, are proposed. Ampicillin generally is considered the drug of choice for ampicillin-susceptible enterococcal UTIs, including VRE. Nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and doxycycline have intrinsic activity against enterococci, including VRE, and are possible oral options for VRE cystitis. Linezolid and daptomycin should be reserved for confirmed or suspected upper and/or bacteremic VRE UTIs among ampicillin-resistant strains. Use of other antimicrobials, such as quinupristin-dalfopristin and tigecycline, should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis due to concerns of toxicity, resistance, and insufficient supportive data. Additional clinical data are needed to determine the optimal management and duration of therapy for VRE UTIs.

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“…Vancomycin has been used widely for the treatment of E. faecium and E. faecalis infections since the 1980s. The first report of resistance occurring in E. faecium originated from England in 1986 [76], rapidly followed by reports from France and the USA [77]. Enterococci were the first bacteria to develop vancomycin resistance [78].…”

Section: Gram‐positive Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%