Current Perspectives and Challenges of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Malaysia

Hamid, Intan Juliana Abd; Zainudeen, Zarina Thasneem; Hashim, Ilie Fadzilah

doi:10.51407/mjpch.v25i2.10

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This clearly depicts the geographical barriers to accessing standard healthcare, compounded by the insufficient number of trained clinical immunologists for Malaysia’s population of 1 to 6.48 million. Clinical immunology is still not recognized as a subspecialty field in Malaysia, further aggravating the situation and posing more challenges to improving the care of PID patients ( 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 1983 to 2018, only 20 PID patients underwent HSCT in Malaysia. Delay in diagnosis was reported as one of the major hindrances toward the success of HSCT, which otherwise could contribute up to a 90% survival outcome ( 30 ). Interestingly, things had started to change positively over the last 5 years, with Vietnam documented the highest increase in number of HSCT performed in Asia Pacific in the past decade, showing a promising future in the curative option for PID patients in the region ( 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) Life Index in Southeast Asia: A comparative analysis of PID Principles of Care (PoC)

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveTo analyze the implementation of the Principles of Care (PoC) in primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Southeast Asia (SEA) countries - six years after its call of action.MethodologyUsing the newly developed PID Life Index software, the index of implementation of principles of care in the management of PIDs patients involving the six participating SEA countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Philippines) were extracted. For each of the six separate principles, the index from the six countries will be compared and presented based on the calculated index.ResultsComparative analysis of the six principles of care of PID in the SEA countries showed low diagnostic rate with minimal availability of diagnostic tests options. Generally, almost all SEA countries provide curative treatments, vaccines, and anti-infectious therapies although the reimbursement scheme varied in relieving patients’ financial burden. We also highlighted the active involvement of patient organizations in SEA, with main areas of work focused on advocacy and increasing awareness among public and healthcare professionals.Discussion and conclusionIt is applaudable that the SEA continent is gradually strengthening its work in management of PID, especially in Thailand and Vietnam. However, more emphasis must be placed among stakeholders in SEA countries towards successful implementation of the PoC for a holistic management of PID patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) Life Index in Southeast Asia: A comparative analysis of PID Principles of Care (PoC)

et al. 2023

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“…Furthermore, immunology is a relatively new field, and there are no specialized immunologists trained to care for patients with PID ( 4 ). This is seen in Malaysia where immunology is not recognized as a subspecialty, resulting in insufficient pediatric and adult immunologists ( 35 ). On top of that, most of the adult immunologists are primarily managing allergy and autoimmunity cases ( 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition practice for primary immunodeficiency diseases in Southeast Asia: a regional survey

Chan,

Abdul Latiff,

Noh

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionWith increased diagnostic capabilities and treatment modalities in the field of primary immunodeficiencies (PID), many pediatric patients survive beyond childhood and experience a change of care to the adult-oriented healthcare system. Unfortunately, the transition pathways for PID are less clearly defined, resulting in deterioration of quality of care in adulthood. Hence, this is the first regional study to address PID clinicians’ opinions on practices and challenges of transition care in 7 Southeast Asia (SEA) countries.MethodsWe adopted a cross-sectional study design through an online survey platform to enquire opinions of transition practices from expert representatives in 7 SEA countries.ResultsRegionally, 3 out 7 countries reported having no practice of transition care. Among cited challenges were reluctant adaptation by patients and caregivers to unfamiliarized adult healthcare systems, inadequate ratio of adult immunologists to patients and lack of facilities for transfer.Discussion and conclusionOur study provides evidence to advocate policy makers on the importance of standardized integration of transition practice towards betterment of transiting PID patients into adulthood.

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“…PID in the paediatric age group is still a rare disease. The low incidence of PID reported in Malaysia may be reflected in the under-reported case or poor awareness among healthcare workers as well [3]. Table 1 shows a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms in PID based on Jeffrey Modell Foundations [4,5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary immunodeficiency disease in children: A significant but rare cause of failure to thrive

2023

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This case illustrates the rare cause of failure to thrive (FTT) that initially presented with recurrent ear discharge. A five-year-old boy with a history of recurrent ear infections for the past year was treated for acute symptoms during each visit. He later was diagnosed with acute mastoiditis secondary to otitis media by a private otorhinolaryngologist and was referred to a tertiary hospital for admission and parenteral antibiotic commencement. The anthropometric evaluation noted he fell under the group of FTT and had an incidental finding of lower tract respiratory infection that turned out to be tuberculosis infection. Multiple complications occurred during his admission, including candidemia, disseminated tuberculosis, and deep-seated collections. Hence, he was worked up for primary immunodeficiency and was given extensive supportive treatment.

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Current Perspectives and Challenges of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Malaysia

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) Life Index in Southeast Asia: A comparative analysis of PID Principles of Care (PoC)

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) Life Index in Southeast Asia: A comparative analysis of PID Principles of Care (PoC)

Transition practice for primary immunodeficiency diseases in Southeast Asia: a regional survey

Primary immunodeficiency disease in children: A significant but rare cause of failure to thrive

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