Current perspective on emergence, diagnosis and drug resistance in &lt;em&gt;Candida auris&lt;/em&gt;

Sarma, Satyam; Upadhyay, Shalini

doi:10.2147/idr.s116229

Cited by 117 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(27) Duration of antifungal therapy is like other infections caused by other Candida spp. In candidaemia, treatment should be continued for 14 days after resolution of symptoms attributable to candidaemia and also documented evidence of clearance of Candida from the bloodstream.…”

Section: Antifungal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In candidaemia, treatment should be continued for 14 days after resolution of symptoms attributable to candidaemia and also documented evidence of clearance of Candida from the bloodstream. (27) A novel drug, SCY-078, the first orally bioavailable 1, 3-β-D-glucan synthesis inhibitor, has demonstrated potent antifungal activity against various Candida spp including C. auris. (14) INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL Similar to other Candida infections, C. auris infections appear to be hospital acquired, occurring several days to weeks into a patient's hospital stay.…”

Section: Antifungal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(14) INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL Similar to other Candida infections, C. auris infections appear to be hospital acquired, occurring several days to weeks into a patient's hospital stay. (12,27) This suggests an exogenous rather than endogenous source of infection and a breach of infection control procedures. In cases of infections, environmental sampling has showed persistent presence of C. auris around bed space areas.…”

Section: Antifungal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before de-isolating the patient, a series of three negative screens taken 24 hours apart is advocated. (27) To decrease the risk for transmission, health care personnel in acute care settings should use Standard and Contact Precautions. Personal protective clothing including cuffed long-sleeved disposable gowns, gloves and aprons should be worn by health care workers.…”

Section: Antifungal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All screen-positive patients should be isolated or cohorted. (27) PROGNOSIS Candida auris is an emerging healthcare-associated fungal pathogen associated with high mortality rate of 40-70%. (12) Antifungal resistance is an important concern in managing invasive Candida infections, Therefore, understanding drug susceptibility of these different species can help develop protocols for appropriate empirical treatment of these infections.…”

Section: Antifungal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>Candida auris</i> infection: How prepared is Nigeria for this emerging fungal agent?

Fayemiwo¹,

Makanjuola²

2017

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Reports from Asia and other parts of the world have demonstrated that the incidence of Candida auris infection is on the rise. Candida auris is a fungal pathogen causing a wide variety of infections affecting people of all age groups. Candida auris was first described in 2009 and has since emerged as an important cause of invasive fungal infection, most importantly healthcareassociated candidaemia. Large outbreaks have been reported worldwide, with therapeutic failure and associated high mortality rates recorded. The emergence and spread of C. auris raises public health concerns because of some characteristics of this pathogen. First it is resistant to many antifungal agents making this infection very difficult to treat. It is also associated with horizontal transmission in health care settings causing outbreaks among hospitalized individuals with high mortality rates. Furthermore, identification of C auris is a challenge. Routine identification methods usually misidentify the organism as other yeasts especially Candida haemulonii. This review discusses the current knowledge on the epidemiology, treatment and control of this infection. The urgent need for the stakeholders in Nigerian tertiary hospitals to set machinery in motion for prompt diagnosis, management and prevention of transmission of this infection are also discussed.

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Section: Antifungal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antifungal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antifungal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antifungal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antifungal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

<i>Candida auris</i> infection: How prepared is Nigeria for this emerging fungal agent?

Fayemiwo¹,

Makanjuola²

2017

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Candida auris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of current updates on an emerging multidrug‐resistant pathogen

2018

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From 2009, Candida auris has emerged as a multidrug‐resistant ascomycete yeast pathogen with the capacity for easy transmission between patients and hospitals, as well as persistence on environmental surfaces. Its association with high mortalities, breakthrough and persistent candidaemia, inconsistencies in susceptibility testing results, misidentification by available commercial identification systems and treatment failure, complicates its management and detection. Within the last nine years, C. auris has been increasingly reported from far‐Eastern Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, South and North America with substantial fatalities and misidentification. Herein, I provide a systematic and thorough review of this emerging pathogen. Meta‐analysis showed that at least 742 C. auris isolates have been reported in 16 countries, with most of these being from India (≥243), USA (≥232) and UK (≥103) (p‐value = .0355) within 2013–2017. Most isolates were from males (64.76%) (p‐value = .0329) and blood (67.48%) (p‐value < .0001), with substantial crude mortality (29.75%) (p‐value = .0488). Affected patients presented with other comorbidities: diabetes (≥52), sepsis (≥48), lung diseases (≥39), kidney diseases (≥32) etc. (p‐value < .0001). Resistance to fluconazole (44.29%), amphotericin B (15.46%), voriconazole (12.67%), caspofungin (3.48%) etc. were common (p‐value = .0059). Commonly used diagnostic tools included PCR (30.38%), Bruker MALDI‐TOF MS (14.00%), Vitek 2 YST ID (11.93%), AFLP (11.55%) and WGS (10.04%) (p‐value = .002). Multidrug resistance, high attributable mortality and persistence are associated with C. auris infections. Two novel drugs, SCY‐078 and VT‐1598, are currently in the pipeline. Contact precautions, strict infection control, periodic surveillance and cleaning with chlorine‐based detergents, efficient, faster and cheaper detection tools are necessary for prevention, containment and early diagnosis of C. auris infections.

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Transcriptome Sequencing Approaches to Elucidate Host–Microbe Interactions in Opportunistic Human Fungal Pathogens

Hovhannisyan

Gabaldón

2018

Fungal Physiology and Immunopathogenesis

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Infections caused by opportunistic human fungal pathogens are a source of increasing medical concern, due to their growing incidence, the emergence of novel pathogenic species, and the lack of effective diagnostics tools. Fungal pathogens are phylogenetically diverse, and their virulence mechanisms can differ widely across species. Despite extensive efforts, the molecular bases of virulence in pathogenic fungi and their interactions with the human host remain poorly understood for most species. In this context, next-generation sequencing approaches hold the promise of helping to close this knowledge gap. In particular, high-throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) enables monitoring the transcriptional profile of both host and microbes to elucidate their interactions and discover molecular mechanisms of virulence and host defense. Here, we provide an overview of transcriptome sequencing techniques and approaches, and survey their application in studying the interplay between humans and fungal pathogens. Finally, we discuss novel RNA-Seq approaches in studying host-pathogen interactions and their potential role in advancing the clinical diagnostics of fungal infections.

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Current perspective on emergence, diagnosis and drug resistance in <em>Candida auris</em>

Cited by 117 publications

References 31 publications

<i>Candida auris</i> infection: How prepared is Nigeria for this emerging fungal agent?

<i>Candida auris</i> infection: How prepared is Nigeria for this emerging fungal agent?

Candida auris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of current updates on an emerging multidrug‐resistant pathogen

Transcriptome Sequencing Approaches to Elucidate Host–Microbe Interactions in Opportunistic Human Fungal Pathogens

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