Current perspective on actinic keratosis: a review

Siegel, Julia A.; Korgavkar, Kaveri; Weinstock, Martin A.

doi:10.1111/bjd.14852

Cited by 142 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The analysis after treatment indicated that 5‐FU allowed reduction in more than half of AK diagnoses according to RCM evaluation. 5‐FU has the advantage of being able to treat clinical and subclinical lesions with minimal scarring . On the other hand, its effectiveness is patient‐dependent and patient compliance may be impaired by adverse effects, such as pain, erythema, pruritus, irritation and contact dermatitis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actinic keratosis (AK) lesions predominantly occur in individuals older than 50, with Fitzpatrick's I and II skin types and a history of excessive sun exposure . AK prevalence is higher in warmer climates – its prevalence ranges from 2.7% (16–70 years) in Germany to 50% (30–69 years) in Australia . Epidemiological studies in Brazilian population are limited; a previous study performed in Bauru, São Paulo, found a prevalence of 13.4% in a Japanese–Brazilian sample …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo Confocal Laser Microscopy for monitoring of actinic keratosis treatment: a comparison with histopathologic assessment after treatment with topical 5% 5‐fluorouracil

Ishioka

Maia

Rodrigues

et al. 2018

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo Confocal Laser Microscopy for monitoring of actinic keratosis treatment: a comparison with histopathologic assessment after treatment with topical 5% 5‐fluorouracil

Ishioka

Maia

Rodrigues

et al. 2018

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…Recurrence of the disease may include partial elimination of the initial lesion, subclinical lesion progression to visible status, or development of new lesions [7]. On top of this, an AK may progress to invasive SCC, the second-most common form of skin cancer [8,9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of BF-200 ALA for the photodynamic treatment of mild-to-moderate actinic keratosis

Reinhold¹

2017

Future Oncol.

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BF-200 ALA is a combination of a nanoscale-lipid vesicle formulation and the prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). The nanoemulsion stabilizes the prodrug and enhances its penetration through the stratum corneum. It has shown excellent therapeutic results in both lesion and field-directed photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis (AK). AK is an early form of epidermal neoplasia and a precursor of invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. It is characterized by the combination of visible neoplastic lesions and surrounding tissue also harboring tumorigenic UV-induced mutations: a concept called field cancerization. A selective, field-directed treatment is ideal to meet the requirements of field change. Here, we review the clinical data on BF-200 ALA for AK along with a summary of molecular mechanisms and future perspectives. Actinic keratosis (AK), also known as solar keratosis, is caused by chronic exposure to sunlight or other ultraviolet light sources [1,2] and may progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [3]. It is the most common lesion with malignant potential to arise on the skin. AK is mostly seen in Caucasians in skin areas that have extensive sun exposure throughout their lives [4]. Epidemiological data show a high occurrence rate of AK. Regions with higher ultraviolet exposure have a higher prevalence of AK. For the USA, the prevalence was estimated to range from 11 to 26%, while in Australia it ranged from 40 to 60%. In Europe, a prevalence of 15% in men and 6% in women has been documented [5]. Over the age of 70 years, 34% of men and 18% of women were found to have actinic keratotic lesions [6]. Next to fair skin type, an advanced age and lifelong sun exposure immunosuppression/-deficiency plays another important risk factor [5].Mostly, AK develops slowly and early in the disease process, they may disappear only to reappear later. Recurrence of the disease may include partial elimination of the initial lesion, subclinical lesion progression to visible status, or development of new lesions [7]. On top of this, an AK may progress to invasive SCC, the second-most common form of skin cancer [8,9]. The actual percentage of progress to invasive SCC remains unknown, and estimates vary from 5 to 20% within 10 to 25 years with reported annual transformation rates varying greatly from as low as 0.25% to as high as 16% [10]. The regression rate for a single untreated lesion is 15 to 63% after a year; recurrence rates range from 15 to 53% [11]. In general patients develop multiple AKs in one area and predicting which course each individual lesion will follow is impossible. Nonetheless, AK lesions are reliable markers for patients who are most predisposed to developing invasive SCC [4,[12][13].AK lesions typically appear in areas most frequently exposed to the sun such as the face, back of the hands, or bald scalp; 75% of lesions are found on the head, neck and forearms [14]. The lesions vary in appearance as well as size and can include erythematous scaly macules, rough pigmented patches and hyperker...

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“…Actinic keratosis, also known as solar keratosis, is a neoplasm of dysplastic keratinocytes that is considered to be a potential precursor of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) . The rate of progression of AKs to SCC is a matter of debate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, there is no gold standard for defining actinic keratosis (AK) . Many clinicians diagnose AK based only on clinical findings .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic thermal imaging on actinic keratosis patients: A preliminary study

Baek

Song

Jeon

et al. 2018

Skin Research and Technology

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Background Diagnosis of actinic keratosis (AK) based only on clinical findings can be misleading, and histopathological diagnosis results in scars. Dynamic thermal imaging is a potential non‐invasive tool for the diagnosis of AK. This imaging technique quantifies the infrared (IR) radiation emitted by a subject after exposure to external thermal stimuli, such as heat or cold. Methods Twenty‐six histopathologically confirmed AK patients participated in the study. We compared the dynamic thermal images of AK lesions and normal skin (control sites). Temperature changes were plotted as a thermal response graph. After fitting exponential curves to the thermal response graph, the curve was converted to a logarithmic form. Results Comparison of the early thermal response graphs of lesions and control sites showed faster thermal recovery of AK lesions. There was a significant difference in the gradient component of the calculated logarithmic equation between the AK lesions and control sites (P < 0.001). Conclusion Dynamic thermal imaging can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for AK.

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Current perspective on actinic keratosis: a review

Cited by 142 publications

References 63 publications

In vivo Confocal Laser Microscopy for monitoring of actinic keratosis treatment: a comparison with histopathologic assessment after treatment with topical 5% 5‐fluorouracil

In vivo Confocal Laser Microscopy for monitoring of actinic keratosis treatment: a comparison with histopathologic assessment after treatment with topical 5% 5‐fluorouracil

A review of BF-200 ALA for the photodynamic treatment of mild-to-moderate actinic keratosis

Dynamic thermal imaging on actinic keratosis patients: A preliminary study

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