Current performance testing trends in junior and elite Austrian alpine ski, snowboard and ski cross racers

Raschner, Christian; Müller, Lisa; Patterson, Carson; Platzer, Hans-Peter; Ebenbichler, Christoph; Luchner, Roland; Lembert, S.; Hildebrandt, Carolin

doi:10.1016/j.orthtr.2013.07.016

Cited by 25 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Injured athletes significantly differed from non-injured athletes (p = 0.03) in that way that non-injured athletes could improve their jump agility performance (+0.8 ± 0.8 s) more compared with the athletes who got injured during the season (+0.4 ± 0.5). The jump agility test was established for the test battery for junior ski athletes in consultation with sports scientists, ski racing experts and coaches [1], and can be associated with modern ski racing technique. The athletes have to jump bilaterally in forward, backward and lateral direction and during the lateral jumps the outer leg represents the dominant leg in pushing off the ground, which is the same in the modern ski racing technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current test battery represents the test battery for junior ski athletes as described by Raschner et al [1], which was established in consultation with sports scientists, ski racing experts and coaches. The following parameters were included in the present analyses: Isometric core flexion and extension strength, isometric leg strength (left and right), postural stability (lateral and forward/backward direction), jump agility, counter movement jump, and drop jump.…”

Section: Physical Fitness Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following parameters were included in the present analyses: Isometric core flexion and extension strength, isometric leg strength (left and right), postural stability (lateral and forward/backward direction), jump agility, counter movement jump, and drop jump. A detailed description of the testing procedures, measurement systems, number of attempts, and rest-retest-reliability values (ICC) can be found in the study of Raschner et al [1,8].…”

Section: Physical Fitness Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alpine ski racing is a late specialization sport and the peak performance in elite alpine ski racing is mostly achieved between the ages of 26 to 28 years [1]. The specialization at an early age combined with a long athlete's competitive life needs to be considered when implementing strategies to develop talents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of Changes in Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Characteristics over One Season, Biological Maturity Status and Injury Risk in Elite Youth Ski Racers: A Prospective Study

Steidl-Müller

Hildebrandt

Müller

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Alpine ski racing is a sport with a high risk of injuries. In order to contribute to the longitudinal career development of young athletes, prevention measures should be elaborated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate prospectively the role of biological maturity status, and changes in anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness parameters over one season in elite youth ski racers younger than 15 years. Eighty-nine elite youth ski racers (39 females, 50 males), aged 10-14 years (mean age: 12.1 ± 1.3), were investigated. Anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness parameters were assessed prior and after the winter season; traumatic and overuse injuries were recorded over the 32 weeks. Binary logistic regression analyses (R 2 = 0.202-0.188) revealed that the biological maturity (Wald = 4.818; p = 0.028), and changes over the season in the jump agility test (Wald = 4.692; p = 0.03), in body height (Wald = 6.229; p = 0.013), and in leg length (Wald = 4.321; p = 0.038) represented significant injury risk factors. Athletes who could improve their jump agility performance more, had smaller changes in the anthropometric characteristics and who were closer to their peak height velocity were at a lower injury risk. In the context of injury prevention, regular neuromuscular training should be incorporated, and phases of rapid growth have to be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Fitness Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Fitness Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of Changes in Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Characteristics over One Season, Biological Maturity Status and Injury Risk in Elite Youth Ski Racers: A Prospective Study

Steidl-Müller

Hildebrandt

Müller

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…In this regard, standardized fieldtests (i.e., vertical jumping tests, sprint tests, etc.) are known as simple, inexpensive, reliable and valid sport-performance measurement tools (Delextrat & Raschner et al, 2013). For strength and conditioning coaches, the criterion for selecting the most appropriate test for evaluating an athlete's physical ability is its relationship with the specific sports performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed and power predictors of change of direction ability in elite snow athletes

Schultz¹,

Cavazzoni²,

Carnevale³

et al. 2015

jhse

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Schultz, F.A., Cavazzoni, P., Carnevale, R.V., Abad, C.C.C., Kobal, R., Pereira, L. A., & Loturco, I (2015). Speed and power predictors of change of direction ability in elite snow athletes. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 10(4), pp.847-856. Change of direction ability (COD speed) is an important physical component of snow sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between regular speed and vertical jumping ability, and COD speed in elite snow athletes. Moreover, the correlations between relative mean propulsive power (assessed in the jump squat exercise) and COD speed were quantified. Sixteen elite snow sport athletes executed squat jumps, countermovement jumps, jump squats, and 25 m sprint tests, in addition to a Zig-zag change of direction speed test. The outcomes revealed that vertical jumping height and mean propulsive power are strongly correlated (r ≈ 0.90) with COD speed. Furthermore, snow athletes capable of sprinting faster in a linear course of 25 m performed better in COD speed tests ( r = 0.91). Our results support the use of loaded and unloaded vertical jumping and regular speed tests to evaluate/monitor predictors of COD speed in elite snow athletes. Finally, these relationships suggest that plyometrics and regular speed training should be considered by coaches as effective strategies to enhance COD ability in this specific group of subjects.

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Trunk Flexion to Extension Strength Ratio of 11- to 18- Year Old Youth Ski Racers: Data from 15 Years of Talent Development in Austria

Steidl-Müller

Patterson

Luchner

et al. 2021

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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Purpose The aim of the present study was to evaluate the trunk strength capacity of alpine ski racers aged 10–18 years, who were tested during the last 15 years, to identify reference values for trunk flexor to extensor strength ratios according to age and sex. Methods In total, 2841 participants (1605 males, 1236 females; 10–18 years) were included, who were pupils of a famous skiing-specific secondary modern school or members of the provincial ski team between 2006 and 2020. The maximum isometric trunk flexion and extension strength was measured using the slightly modified Back Check. Sex-specific differences were assessed with Student’s t test or Mann–Whitney-U test. Univariate analyses of variance or Kruskal–Wallis-H tests were used to assess differences between age groups. Descriptive sex- and age-specific reference values were calculated (norm area: mean ± ½ standard deviation). Results Sex-specific differences were found for both flexion (starting at 11 years) and extension strength (starting at 12 years) (P < 0.001). Lower flexion to extension strength ratios were identified for males (0.89 ± 0.18) compared with females (0.82 ± 0.15), but the ratios remained constant across age groups for both sexes. Conclusion The present study provides age- and sex-specific reference values for trunk flexion to extension strength ratios for 10- to 18-year old youth and adolescent ski racers. The data of the present study represent a large data pool of youth ski racers at a high-performance level; thus, coaches can use the reference values for comparing the ratios of their athletes.

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Current performance testing trends in junior and elite Austrian alpine ski, snowboard and ski cross racers

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Relationship of Changes in Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Characteristics over One Season, Biological Maturity Status and Injury Risk in Elite Youth Ski Racers: A Prospective Study

Relationship of Changes in Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Characteristics over One Season, Biological Maturity Status and Injury Risk in Elite Youth Ski Racers: A Prospective Study

Speed and power predictors of change of direction ability in elite snow athletes

Trunk Flexion to Extension Strength Ratio of 11- to 18- Year Old Youth Ski Racers: Data from 15 Years of Talent Development in Austria

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