Current Methods Modeling and Simulating Icing Effects on Aircraft Performance, Stability, Control

Ratvasky, Thomas P.; Barnhart, Billy; Lee, Sam

doi:10.2514/1.44650

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Characteristics. The change rules of aerodynamic parameters and stability derivatives and nonlinear and stall conditions after icing were studied [15][16][17]. The dynamic response characteristics under different ice severity and distribution conditions [18,19] and icing influence on the overall performance, maneuverability and stability of the aircraft [20] were explored.…”

Section: (2) Effect Of Icing On Aerodynamic and Flight Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Flight Risk Quantitative Evaluation under Icing Conditions

Xue

et al. 2019

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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The quantitative assessment of flight risk under icing conditions was taken as the research object. Based on multifactor coupling modeling idea, the pilot-aircraft-environment coupling system was built. Considering the physical characteristics and randomness of aircraft icing, the extreme values of critical flight risk parameters were extracted by the Monte Carlo flight simulation experiment. The flight characteristics were studied comprehensively and heavy-tail characteristics and the distributions of different flight parameters were verified. Flight risk criterion was developed and one-dimensional extreme flight risk probability was calculated. Further, in order to solve the limitation of one-dimensional extreme value, with the Copula theory, the joint distribution model of flight parameters with three distinct distribution types was built. The optimal Copula model was selected by identification of unknown parameters and goodness of fit tests, and the three-dimensional extreme flight risk probability was defined. Based on the quantitative flight risk, the accident induction mechanism under icing conditions was discussed. Airspeed and roll angle under asymmetry icing conditions were more sensitive and had a more significant impact on flight safety. This method can provide reference for safety manipulation, boundary protection, and risk warning during icing flight.

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Section: (2) Effect Of Icing On Aerodynamic and Flight Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Flight Risk Quantitative Evaluation under Icing Conditions

Xue

et al. 2019

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…Ice accretion over surfaces affects many different industrial fields, such as aeronautics [1], maritime [2], aero-generators [3], power lines [4], etc., causing reduction in efficiency, energy consumption due to the required measures to mitigate it, and most significantly important, safety risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Quasicrystalline Coatings Deposited by HVOF Thermal Spray to Reduce Ice Accretion in Aero-Structures Components

et al. 2020

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Weather hazards, in particular icing conditions, are an important contributing factor in aviation accidents and incidents worldwide. Many different anti-icing strategies are currently being explored to find suitable long-lasting solutions, such as surface engineering, which can contribute to reduce ice accumulation. Quasicrystals (QCs) are metallic materials, but with similar properties to those of ceramic materials, such as low thermal and electrical conductivities, and high hardness. In particular, QCs that have low surface energy are commercially used as coatings to replace polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), also known as Teflon, on frying pans, as they do not scratch easily. PTFE exhibits excellent anti-wetting and anti-icing properties and therefore QCs appear as good candidates to be employed as ice-phobic coatings. Al-based QCs have been applied by High Velocity Oxyfuel (HVOF) thermal spray on typically used aeronautic materials, such as Ti and Al alloys, as well as steels. The coatings have been characterized and evaluated, including the measurement of hardness, roughness, wetting properties, ice accretion behavior in an icing wind tunnel (IWT), and ice adhesion by a double lap shear test. The coatings were studied, both as-deposited, as well as after grinding, in order to study the effect of the surface roughness and morphology on the ice accretion and adhesion properties. The QC coating was compared with PTFE and two polyurethane (PU)-based commercial paints, one of them known to have anti-icing properties, and the results indicate an ice accretion reduction relative to these two materials, and ice adhesion lower than bare AA6061-T6, or the PU paint in the ground version of one of the two QCs. Since the QC coatings are hard (GPa Vickers hardness > 5), a durable behavior is expected.

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“…Over the past 90 years, techniques gradually increasing understanding of icing and improving fidelity of models of icing effects on performance, stability and control have been developed [2]. At the beginning, focus has been on wind tunnel studies of 2-dimensional subscale airfoils [3]- [6] and separate wings [2], [4], [7]. Further researches has been performed to investigate the integrated effects of icing on the aircraft performance, stability and control [2], [4], [7]- [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delta-model was used to simulate various icing effects of a business jet [12]. An analysis of the icing influence on the aerodynamics of transport aircrafts is payed attention in [7], [9], [13]. A very comprehensive review of the past studies on aircraft icing can be found in [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of unsteady aerodynamics and flight dynamics of transport aircraft in icing conditions

Ignatyev

Храбров

Kortukova

et al. 2020

Aerospace Science and Technology

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Airframe icing causes significant degradation of aerodynamic characteristics and influences the flight safety. Wind tunnel study of longitudinal steady and unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of a transport aircraft in icing conditions is carried out in order to develop mathematical model of aerodynamics in the extended flight envelope. The wind tunnel results are validated through flight tests conducted for the real aircraft. Large, glaze-horn ice shapes, corresponding to holding flight phase, are considered.Influence of an ice protection system as well as its failure is examined. Effect of icing on the unsteady aerodynamics characteristics is studied not only through wind tunnel tests but also via analysis of subsequent influence on the flight dynamics of the aircraft. The conducted study shows that the ice shapes of the holding phase leads to reduced stall angle of attack (AoA), maximum lift, and longitudinal damping. Flight dynamics analysis demonstrates that dangerous aircraft behaviour in the form of high AoA departure and limit cycle oscillations (LCO) can be observed at smaller elevator deflections for the iced aircraft. Taking into account icing influence on the unsteady aerodynamics in the flight dynamics simulations revealed degradation of the dynamic response and deterioration of phase portraits of the system. Even for small AoA and elevator deflection the aircraft might be trapped into the basin of attraction of high-AoA LCO. In addition, incorporating icing effects in unsteady aerodynamics manifest larger amplitude of LCO.

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Current Methods Modeling and Simulating Icing Effects on Aircraft Performance, Stability, Control

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

On Flight Risk Quantitative Evaluation under Icing Conditions

On Flight Risk Quantitative Evaluation under Icing Conditions

Hard Quasicrystalline Coatings Deposited by HVOF Thermal Spray to Reduce Ice Accretion in Aero-Structures Components

Interplay of unsteady aerodynamics and flight dynamics of transport aircraft in icing conditions

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