Abstract:Microorganisms promised to lead the bio-based revolution for a more sustainable agriculture. Beneficial microorganisms could be a valid alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers or pesticides. However, the increasing use of microbial inoculants is also raising several questions about their efficacy and their effects on the autochthonous soil microorganisms. There are two major issues on the application of bioinoculants to soil: (i) their detection in soil, and the analysis of their persistence and fate; (… Show more
“…Platense seedlings are grown in different plant growth systems after inoculation with diverse strategies applying culture‐dependent and also molecular techniques. As reported [13,14], detection of PGPB once applied adds a piece to the complex puzzle of bio‐input development and enables the selection of an inoculation strategy.…”
Paraburkholderia tropica MTo-293 was applied as an experimental bio-input to Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) cv. Platense. Different plant growth systems and inoculation strategies were tested to evaluate P. tropica plant colonization at the seedling stage (growth chamber) using culture-dependent andindependent techniques. The effect of P. tropica on plant growth was evaluated in the growth chamber and greenhouse (productive stage) by biomass accumulation and fruit production, respectively. P. tropica was able to colonize the surface and inner root and stem of tomato seedlings regardless of the inoculation strategy-at sowing and/or before transplanting-showing the competitive nature of P. tropica in nonsterile substrate systems. A nested polymerase chain reaction was validated to track P. tropica in tomato plants even in the inner stem with endophytic P. tropica populations of less than 10 2 CFU g -1 of fresh weight. Efficient colonization of P. tropica correlated with a positive effect on tomato growth when applied at sowing and/or before transplanting: plant growth promotion was observed not only at the seedling stage but also at productive stages improving crop yield in two different seasons. To our knowledge, this report is the first to track and evaluate the plant growth-promoting effect of P. tropica MTo-293 in tomato plants grown in nonsterile substrate systems.
“…Platense seedlings are grown in different plant growth systems after inoculation with diverse strategies applying culture‐dependent and also molecular techniques. As reported [13,14], detection of PGPB once applied adds a piece to the complex puzzle of bio‐input development and enables the selection of an inoculation strategy.…”
Paraburkholderia tropica MTo-293 was applied as an experimental bio-input to Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) cv. Platense. Different plant growth systems and inoculation strategies were tested to evaluate P. tropica plant colonization at the seedling stage (growth chamber) using culture-dependent andindependent techniques. The effect of P. tropica on plant growth was evaluated in the growth chamber and greenhouse (productive stage) by biomass accumulation and fruit production, respectively. P. tropica was able to colonize the surface and inner root and stem of tomato seedlings regardless of the inoculation strategy-at sowing and/or before transplanting-showing the competitive nature of P. tropica in nonsterile substrate systems. A nested polymerase chain reaction was validated to track P. tropica in tomato plants even in the inner stem with endophytic P. tropica populations of less than 10 2 CFU g -1 of fresh weight. Efficient colonization of P. tropica correlated with a positive effect on tomato growth when applied at sowing and/or before transplanting: plant growth promotion was observed not only at the seedling stage but also at productive stages improving crop yield in two different seasons. To our knowledge, this report is the first to track and evaluate the plant growth-promoting effect of P. tropica MTo-293 in tomato plants grown in nonsterile substrate systems.
“…Such variation has been attributed to a range of factors or limitations that can affect inoculant survival and establishment. Those may include low quality of commercial inoculants in the absence of universally adopted regulation to guarantee product quality (Manfredini et al, 2021; Salomon et al, 2022), competition with the indigenous AMF community, or abiotic soil conditions (Pellegrino et al, 2015; Hart et al, 2017; Kokkoris et al, 2019; Thomsen et al, 2021). Unfortunately, in most field studies, inoculant establishment is not reported as it is difficult to track the introduced inoculum in indigenous communities (Hart et al, 2017; Manfredini et al, 2021).…”
Section: Nature-mimicry In Soil Biologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Those may include low quality of commercial inoculants in the absence of universally adopted regulation to guarantee product quality (Manfredini et al, 2021; Salomon et al, 2022), competition with the indigenous AMF community, or abiotic soil conditions (Pellegrino et al, 2015; Hart et al, 2017; Kokkoris et al, 2019; Thomsen et al, 2021). Unfortunately, in most field studies, inoculant establishment is not reported as it is difficult to track the introduced inoculum in indigenous communities (Hart et al, 2017; Manfredini et al, 2021). Many studies have shown that AMF inoculation has no consistent agronomic benefit where AMF communities are well established (Hart et al, 2017; Bender et al, 2019).…”
Attention to soil biodiversity and its importance for sustainable food production has markedly increased in recent years. In particular, the loss of soil biodiversity as a consequence of intensive agriculture, land degradation and climate change has raised concerns due to the expected negative impacts on ecosystem services, food security and human health. The result is a strong demand for ‘nature-based’ practices that stimulate soil biodiversity or beneficial soil organisms and enhance soil health. Here, we examine the origin of popular ideas on the role of soil biology in sustainable soil management, as well as their potential to address key global challenges related to agriculture. Three examples of such ideas are discussed: 1) a higher fungal:bacterial (F:B) biomass ratio favours soil carbon storage and nutrient conservation; (2) intensive agricultural practices lead to a decline in soil biodiversity with detrimental consequences for sustainable food production; (3) inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduces agriculture's dependency on synthetic fertilizers. Our analysis demonstrates how ecological theories, especially E.P. Odum's ( 1969 ) hypotheses on ecological succession, have inspired the promotion of agricultural practices and commercial products that are based on the mimicry of (soil biology in) natural ecosystems. Yet our reading of the scientific literature shows that popular claims on the importance of high F:B ratios, soil biodiversity and the inoculation with beneficial microbes for soil health and sustainable agricultural production cannot be generalized and require careful consideration of limitations and possible trade-offs. We argue that dichotomies and pitfalls associated with the normative use of nature as a metaphor for sustainability can be counterproductive given the urgency to achieve real solutions that sustain food production and natural resources. Finally, implications for soil ecology research and sustainable soil management in agriculture are discussed.
“…Related to the registration requirements, but also useful to design a correct application method, are the needs for methods to detect and monitor bioformulants' strains under natural conditions [111]. Protocols suitable for regulatory or commercial purposes need to be developed to assure a level of discrimination suitable for tracking and monitoring bioformulations in the soil and plants.…”
Section: Fermentation and Formulation Of Bioinoculantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To evaluate the activity of the formulations, several indicators (such as phenological and growth indexes, quality, and yield parameters) are measured, together with a number of microbial and physico-chemical soil properties. All these analyses, having a special focus on soil biodiversity, its dynamics, and the plant-soilmicroorganisms interactions, are expected to highlight the effects of bio-inocula on plant responses to stresses providing bioindicators and supporting the development of molecular diagnostic tools for monitoring the persistence of bio-inocula and their impact on soil and plant-associated biodiversity [111].…”
Section: Challenges Of Field Application Of Microbial-based Productsmentioning
Microbial inoculants can be an efficient tool to manage the soil and plant microbiomes providing direct beneficial effects, and for modulating native soil and plant-associated microbiota. However, the application of soil microbial inoculants as biofertilizers and biopesticides in agriculture is still limited by factors related to their formulation, application method, and the knowledge about the impact and interactions between microbial inoculants and native soil and plant host microbiomes. The review is thus describing and discussing three major aspects related to microbial-based product exploitation, namely: i) the discovery and screening of beneficial microbial strains; ii) the opportunities and challenges associated with strain multifunctional features; iii) the fermentation and formulation strategies also based on the use of wastes as growth substrates and the technical and regulatory challenges faced in their path to field application. All these issues are addressed in activities performed by the EXCALIBUR project (www.excaliburproject.eu), which aims to expand the current concept about microbiomes interactions, acknowledging their interactive network that can impact agricultural practices as well as on all living organisms within an ecosystem.
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