Current management of bladder exstrophy

Abstract

Bladder exstrophy is a complex anomaly involving the urinary, genital, and intestinal tracts and the musculoskeletal system. The diagnosis is made typically at the newborn examination or on fetal ultrasonography that is performed by an experienced observer. Management of bladder exstrophy presents several challenges, beginning with initial repair using the more conventional staged approach or the recently re-popularized complete primary repair technique. Major goals in the management of bladder exstrophy are preservation of normal kidney function, close observation for development of adequate bladder function including urinary continence, and provision of acceptable cosmesis and function of the external genitalia. This article provides a brief overview of bladder exstrophy and a detailed description of modern management.

Bladder augmentation in exstrophy vesicae: Long‐term results of a single experienced center

“…In BE, the need for BA to obtain dryness alters from study to study in the literature. In a review by Husmann, discussing the advantages and pitfalls of surgical techniques for the correction of BE (Husmann, 2006), 15–90% of patients with BE required a modified BNR to achieve continence, with 5–10% undergoing both BA and BNR (El‐Sherbiny, Hafez, & Ghoneim, 2002; Hammouda & Kotb, 2004; Mitchell, 2005; Mourtzinos & Borer, 2004). Modified BNR to gain urinary continence is reportedly required in 15‐90% of patients, with 5‐10% requiring both BA and BNR.…”