Current Landscape of Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Pabani, Aliyah; Butts, Charles

doi:10.3747/co.25.3750

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The Dako platform (Agilent Technologies/Dako, Carpinteria, CA, USA) has developed the 22C3 and 28‐8 antibodies in conjunction with pembrolizumab and nivolumab. The Ventana platform (Ventana Medical Systems Inc, Tucson, Arizona) has developed the SP142 and SP263 antibodies in conjunction with atezolizumab and durvalumab . Several clinical trials have demonstrated great heterogeneity in the cutoff levels and methods used for PD‐L1 testing and the assessment of PD‐L1 positivity based on the various assays …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ventana platform (Ventana Medical Systems Inc, Tucson, Arizona) has developed the SP142 and SP263 antibodies in conjunction with atezolizumab and durvalumab. 15,16 Several clinical trials have demonstrated great heterogeneity in the cutoff levels and methods used for PD-L1 testing and the assessment of PD-L1 positivity based on the various assays. 16,17 In patients with lung cancer, pathologists are increasingly facing the challenge of performing more molecular tests on smaller biopsy specimens generally obtained from minimally invasive procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Programmed death–ligand 1 expression on direct Pap‐stained cytology smears from non–small cell lung cancer: Comparison with cell blocks and surgical resection specimens

Lozano

Abengozar-Muela

Echeveste

et al. 2019

Cancer Cytopathology

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Background Programmed death–ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression, as assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), is used to select patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1)/PD‐L1 therapy. The current study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of PD‐L1 immunostaining and quantitation on direct Papanicolaou‐stained cytological smears compared with formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples (cytological cell blocks and surgical resection specimens) in NSCLC cases using 2 commercially available assays: the PD‐L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay (Agilent Technologies/Dako, Carpinteria, CA, USA) and the Ventana SP263 Assay (Ventana Medical Systems Inc, Tucson, Arizona). Methods PD‐L1 immunostaining using either both or one of the assays was tested in 117 sets of paired samples obtained from 62 NSCLC cases. The tumor proportion score was reported in every case following the recommendations of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC). Results In 57 sets of samples, both PD‐L1 assays were used. Due to the availability of samples, only 1 assay was performed in 3 sets of samples and in 2 cases, only cytology smears were used and tested for both assays. A total of 113 sets of paired samples finally were evaluated; 4 cases could not be studied due to intense nonspecific background staining. A significant concordance between the 2 assays on cytological smears was found. Concordance between paired cytological smears and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples was observed in 97.3% of the cases. Conclusions The quantification of PD‐L1 expression on direct Papanicolaou‐stained cytology smears is feasible and reliable for both PD‐L1 assays.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed death–ligand 1 expression on direct Pap‐stained cytology smears from non–small cell lung cancer: Comparison with cell blocks and surgical resection specimens

Lozano

Abengozar-Muela

Echeveste

et al. 2019

Cancer Cytopathology

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“…Lung cancer is the most general occasion of cancer‐related death worldwide and is probably attributable to early metastasis . An understanding of the mechanism(s) driving metastatic cellular activity is vital for helping to reduce lung cancer mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin reduces lung cancer stemness through inhibiting of PLC, ERK, p38, β‐catenin, and Twist pathways

Yang

Chiou

Chen³

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer in cancer-related deaths worldwide, which is characterized by its strong metastatic potential. The melatonin hormone secreted by the pineal grand has an antioxidant effect and protects cells against carcinogenic substances. However, the effects of melatonin in lung cancer stemness are largely unknown. We found that melatonin reduces CD133 expression by~50% in lung cancer cell lines, while results of a sphere formation assay showed that melatonin inhibits lung cancer stemness. These effects of melatonin were reversed when the cell lines were incubated with phospholipase C (PLC), ERK/p38, and a β-catenin activator. Transfection with Twist siRNA augmented the inhibitory effects of melatonin, indicating that melatonin suppresses lung cancer stemness by inhibiting the PLC, ERK/p38, β-catenin, and Twist signaling pathways. We also found CD133 expression is positively correlated with Twist expression in lung cancer specimens. Melatonin shows promise in the treatment of lung cancer stemness and deserves further study. K E Y W O R D S lung cancer, melatonin, stemness, Twist 1 | INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is a major occasion of cancer mortality. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most general type of lung cancer, accounting for more than 85% of all lung cancers. 1,2 Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy have improved lung cancer treatment over the past few decades, survival rates remain poor, with approximately 15% of patients remaining alive at 5 years after diagnosis. This poor prognosis is due to metastasis in the late stage of disease. Cells with a stem-like, dormant phenotype, endowed with unlimited self-renewal and high tumorigenic capability, are deemed responsible for post-therapy relapse and metastatic dissemination in various cancers, including lung cancer. 3-5 Therefore, the drugs that attack the cancer stem cells (CSCs) population have therapeutic benefit.Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a hormone secreted by the pineal grand and other organs, is produced in a circadian rhythm in reply to photic signaling from the retina. 6,7 Melatonin is important for controlling the immune system 8-10 and has an antioxidant effect. 11,12 This agent protects cells against carcinogenic substances and inhibits the development, metastasis, invasion and angiogenesis of many types

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“…The 5 year overall survival data of the Keynote 001 trial, presented at the American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2019 conference, revealed durable long-term responses to immune-checkpoint inhibition (ICPI), and an unprecedented 5-year OS of 13.4-29.6% (4)(5)(6). This is a drastic improvement over pre-ICPI 5 year survival rates, which were below 5% (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-Plasma TMB Comparison and Plasma TMB Monitoring in Patients With Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

et al. 2020

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Immuno-oncology is an ever growing field that has seen important progress across the spectrum of cancers. Responses can be deep and durable. However, as only a minority of patients respond to checkpoint inhibition, predictive biomarkers are needed. Cancer is a genetic disease arising from the accumulation of somatic mutations in the DNA of affected cells. Tumor mutational burden (TMB), represents the number of somatic mutations in a tumor that form neoantigens, responsible for the immunogenicity of tumors. Randomized controlled trials have so far failed to show a survival benefit when stratifying patients by tissue TMB. TMB has also been evaluated in plasma (PTMB). PTMB is anticipated to represent the biology of the entire cancer, whereas obtaining tissue of an amenable primary or a metastatic lesion may be prone to sampling bias because of tumor heterogeneity. For this reason, we are evaluating the correlation between TMB and PTMB, and prospectively evaluating the impact of these biomarkers on clinical outcomes. We also discuss the technical difficulties inherent to performing and comparing these analyses. Furthermore, we evaluate the correlation between the evolution of PTMB during an immunotherapy treatment and response at 3 and 6 months, as we believe PTMB may be a dynamic biomarker. In this paper, we present results from the first 4 patients in this project.

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Current Landscape of Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Cited by 40 publications

References 39 publications

Programmed death–ligand 1 expression on direct Pap‐stained cytology smears from non–small cell lung cancer: Comparison with cell blocks and surgical resection specimens

Programmed death–ligand 1 expression on direct Pap‐stained cytology smears from non–small cell lung cancer: Comparison with cell blocks and surgical resection specimens

Melatonin reduces lung cancer stemness through inhibiting of PLC, ERK, p38, β‐catenin, and Twist pathways

Tissue-Plasma TMB Comparison and Plasma TMB Monitoring in Patients With Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

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