Current knowledge on the human eye microbiome: a systematic review of available amplicon and metagenomic sequencing data

Delbeke, Heleen; Younas, Saif; Casteels, Ingele; Joossens, Marie

doi:10.1111/aos.14508

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…Ten genera were identified as common ocular bacteria in most participants (defined as >1% of all detected genera). Delbeke et al (39) summarized the data on the ocular surface microbiome for a systematic review. In this study, the major phyla were found to be Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, with the first two being the most abundant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate Eye Drops With or Without Preservatives on Ocular Surface Bacterial Microbiota

et al. 2022

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PurposeThis study aimed to determine the composition and diversity of bacterial communities on the ocular surface before and after the intervention with sodium hyaluronate eye drops (with or without preservatives) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.MethodsSixteen healthy adults were randomly divided into two groups and treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops with or without preservatives for 2 weeks. The individuals used the same artificial tears in both eyes. The microbial samples from the conjunctival sac of each participant were collected at baseline and 2 weeks after intervention. The diversity and taxonomic differences among different groups before and after intervention were compared by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.ResultsThe similarity in the binocular microbial community was high in 1 of the 16 volunteers (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity score < 0.3). At the genus level, 11 bacteria were detected in all samples with an average relative abundance of more than 1%. The bacterial community changed significantly after the use of sodium hyaluronate eye drops (with or without preservatives), whether within individuals or between individuals in different groups (P < 0.05, PERMANOVA). Different dosage forms of sodium hyaluronate eye drops significantly decreased the relative abundance of Flavobacterium caeni and Deinococcus antarcticus, respectively (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHealthy people had a rich diversity of the bacterial microbiota on the ocular surface, but the bacterial communities between the eyes were not completely similar. Irrespective of containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC), sodium hyaluronate eye drops can change the bacterial community on the ocular surface.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate Eye Drops With or Without Preservatives on Ocular Surface Bacterial Microbiota

et al. 2022

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“…It is not known whether a ‘normal corneal microbiome’ exists as previous corneal sampling methodologies have been invasive and, therefore, have been able to sample unaffected and healthy corneas. Next-generation sequencing of the conjunctiva has demonstrated a diverse ocular surface microbiome made up of Corynebacterium , Acinetobacter , Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus , Cutibacterium and Streptococcus [ 29 ]. It is, therefore, possible that movement of the tear film across the ocular surface increases the yield of identified microorganisms during the CIM sampling process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of a Simplified Impression Membrane Sampling Method for the Diagnosis of Microbial Keratitis

Somerville

Herbert

Neal

et al. 2021

JCM

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The purpose of this study was to compare bacterial isolation rate using a corneal impression membrane (CIM) and a sharp instrument for obtaining corneal samples from patients with suspected microbial keratitis (MK). Data was retrospectively collected for all patients that had corneal samples taken for presumed MK between May 2014 and May 2020. Prior to May 2017 samples were collected by scraping the edges of the ulcer with a blade. From May 2017, samples were collected by placing a CIM (Millicell cell culture insert) against the ulcer. All corneal samples were processed using the same conventional diagnostic culture method. A total of 3099 corneal samples were included, of which 1214 (39.2%) were corneal scrapes and 1885 (60.9%) CIMs. Microorganisms were isolated from 235 (19.4%) and 1229 (65.2%) cases using a corneal scrape and CIM, respectively (p < 0.001). Of routinely described pathogenic microorganisms, there were significant increases in the isolations of S. aureus (2.4% to 11.3%) and Serratia (0.5% to 1.7%) using the CIM and no significant changes in the isolations of S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. No significant differences were seen between the isolation rates of fungi or Acanthamoeba species. There was a significant increase in the isolation rates of other Streptococcal species (0.7% to 6.9%) and CNS species, specifically, S. epidermidis (2.1% to 26.2%), S. capitis (0.4% to 2.6%) and S. warneri (0.3% to 1.6%) using the CIM. The simplified CIM sampling method is an effective method for collecting corneal samples from patients with presumed MK in clinical practice.

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“…In general, many of the identified bacterial taxa are common colonizers of the eye surface and the lid margins, such as Staphylococcus , Cutibacterium , Corynebacterium and Pseudomonas ( Grzybowski et al., 2017 ; Delbeke et al., 2021 ). Under normal conditions, these commensals may also contribute to eye surface health and immunity ( Kugadas and Gadjeva, 2016 ; Cavuoto et al., 2019 ), however, if in dysbiosis they may lead to severe eye infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All frequently identified genera are also associated with human skin, mucosa or the environment ( Seifert et al., 1997 ; Fernández-Natal et al., 2008 ; Humbert and Christodoulides, 2019 ; Delbeke et al., 2021 ) and have been reported in the context of eye and nosocomial infections ( Kuriyan et al., 2017 ; Wong et al., 2017 ; Humbert and Christodoulides, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Compositional Analysis of the Slit Lamp Bacteriota

Fritz

Paschko

Young

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Slit lamps are routinely used to examine large numbers of patients every day due to high throughput. Previous, cultivation-based results suggested slit lamps to be contaminated with bacteria, mostly coagulase-negative staphylococci, followed by micrococci, bacilli, but also Staphylococcus aureus. Our study aimed at obtaining a much more comprehensive, cultivation-independent view of the slit lamp bacteriota and its hygienic relevance, as regularly touched surfaces usually represent fomites, particularly if used by different persons. We performed extensive 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyse the bacteriota, of 46 slit lamps from two tertiary care centers at two sampling sites, respectively. 82 samples yielded enough sequences for downstream analyses and revealed contamination with bacteria of mostly human skin, mucosa and probably eye origin, predominantly cutibacteria, staphylococci and corynebacteria. The taxonomic assignment of 3369 ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) revealed 19 bacterial phyla and 468 genera across all samples. As antibiotic resistances are of major concern, we screened all samples for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using qPCR, however, no signals above the detection limit were detected. Our study provides first comprehensive insight into the slit lamp microbiota. It underlines that slit lamps carry a highly diverse, skin-like bacterial microbiota and that thorough cleaning and disinfection after use is highly recommendable to prevent eye and skin infections.

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Current knowledge on the human eye microbiome: a systematic review of available amplicon and metagenomic sequencing data

Cited by 44 publications

References 63 publications

Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate Eye Drops With or Without Preservatives on Ocular Surface Bacterial Microbiota

Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate Eye Drops With or Without Preservatives on Ocular Surface Bacterial Microbiota

An Evaluation of a Simplified Impression Membrane Sampling Method for the Diagnosis of Microbial Keratitis

Comprehensive Compositional Analysis of the Slit Lamp Bacteriota

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