Current Knowledge of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Epidemiology in Ruminants

Profio, Federica Di; Sarchese, Vittorio; Palombieri, Andrea; Fruci, Paola; Lanave, Gianvito; Robetto, Serena; Martella, Vito; Martino, Barbara Di

doi:10.3390/pathogens11101124

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 124 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The significance of deer for the epidemiology of HEV is confirmed by numerous data on the prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in various deer species from different parts of the world [ 5 ], including areas where suides are absent or rare. Thus, anti-HEV antibodies were detected in tundra wild and semidomesticated reindeer in Norway, Russia and Canada [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], indicating the possible HEV circulation in this deer species without transmission from suides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other than suids, HEV-3 and HEV-4 are found in ruminants, most frequently in different deer species. Moreover, there is an increasing number of reports on the detection of these viral genotypes in domestic ruminants, as summarized in a recent review by Di Profio et al [ 5 ]. Although the significance of domestic ruminants as a reservoir of HEV infection for humans remains to be explored, deer have been proven as a source of zoonotic food-borne HEV infection in humans [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phylodynamic Analysis Suggests That Deer Species May Be a True Reservoir for Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 3 and 4

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 (HEV-3 and HEV-4) cause zoonotic infection in humans, with domestic pigs and wild boars being the main reservoirs of infection. Other than suids, HEV-3 and HEV-4 are found in ruminants, most frequently in deer species. However, it is still debatable, whether HEV infection in deer is a spillover, or indicates a stable virus circulation in these host species. To explore the patterns of HEV-3 and HEV-4 transmission in deer and other host species, we performed a Bayesian analysis of HEV sequences available in GenBank. A total of 27 HEV sequences from different deer species were found in GenBank. Sequences from wild boars collected in the same territories, as well as sequences from all mammals that were most similar to sequences from deer in blast search, were added to the dataset, comprising 617 in total sequences. Due to the presence of partial genomic sequences, they were divided into four subsets (two ORF1 fragments and two ORF2 fragments) and analyzed separately. European HEV-3 sequences and Asian HEV-4 sequences collected from deer species demonstrated two transmission patterns. The first pattern was spillover infection, and the second pattern was deer-to-deer transmission, indicating stable HEV circulation in these species. However, all geographic HEV clusters that contained both deer and swine sequences originated from ancestral swine strains. HEV-3 and HEV-4 transmission patterns in ungulates reconstructed by means of Bayesian analysis indicate that deer species are a true host for HEV. However, wild and domestic swine are often the primary source of infection for ruminants living in the same areas. Complete HEV genomic sequences from different parts of the world are crucial for further understanding the HEV-3 and HEV-4 circulation patterns in wildlife.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylodynamic Analysis Suggests That Deer Species May Be a True Reservoir for Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 3 and 4

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hepatitis E is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), with an estimated 20 million cases each year [ 1 ]. HEV is the major cause of acute hepatitis globally and is associated with large outbreaks in regions of endemicity, mainly in poor resource areas including Asia, the Middle East and Africa [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Hepatitis E is usually a mild self-limiting disease; however, it may be fatal among pregnant women, in which mortality rates could reaches 10–25% during the third trimester, or become chronic in immunocompromised patients [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HEV belongs to the Hepeviridae family (Riboviria realm), subfamily Orthohepivirinae, which is divided into four genera: Paslahepevirus ( Orthohepevirus A); Avihepevirus ( Orthohepevirus B); Rocahepevirus ( Orthohepevirus C); and Chirohepevirus ( Orthohepevirus D) [ 8 ]. Members of the genus Paslahepevirus have been identified in mammals including humans, pigs, deer, rabbits, camels, cattle, sheep, goats, mongooses, and bottlenose dolphins [ 4 , 9 ]. Members of the genus Avihepevirus are restricted to birds [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Feces of Capybaras (Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris) in Brazil

Cunha

Luchs

Azevedo

et al. 2023

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen associated with relevant public health issues. The aim of this study was to investigate HEV presence in free-living capybaras inhabiting urban parks in São Paulo state, Brazil. Molecular characterization of HEV positive samples was undertaken to elucidate the genetic diversity of the virus in these animals. A total of 337 fecal samples were screened for HEV using RT-qPCR and further confirmed by conventional nested RT-PCR. HEV genotype and subtype were determined using Sanger and next-generation sequencing. HEV was detected in one specimen (0.3%) and assigned as HEV-3f. The IAL-HEV_921 HEV-3f strain showed a close relationship to European swine, wild boar and human strains (90.7–93.2% nt), suggesting an interspecies transmission. Molecular epidemiology of HEV is poorly investigated in Brazil; subtype 3f has been reported in swine. This is the first report of HEV detected in capybara stool samples worldwide.

show abstract

“…paratuberculosis [ 7 , 8 ], pathogenic Chlamydia sspp. and Chlamydia-like organisms [ 9 ], hepatitis E virus (HEV) [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], and border disease virus (BDV) [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Immune System Cells in Lymphoid Organs from Roe and Fallow Deer

Fonti

Parisi

Millanta

et al. 2022

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Roe and Fallow deer are common wild ruminants widely distributed in Italy. Infectious diseases of these species can potentially pose health risks to domestic animals and humans. However, few studies have been conducted in which immune system cells in these species were phenotyped. The aims of this study were to determine the cross-reactivity of a wide anti-human panel of commercial antibodies on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples and to describe the distribution of roe and fallow deer main immune cell subsets in the lymph nodes and spleen. Twenty retromandibular lymph nodes (RLNs) and spleen samples were collected from 10 roe deer and 10 fallow deer and were tested by a panel of 12 commercial anti-human antibodies. The CD79a, CD20, CD3, Iba-1, MAC387, and AM-3K antibodies were successfully labeled cells in cervine tissue, while the Foxp3 and the CD68 did not show suitable immunostaining. This study supplies the first immunohistochemical description of immune cell subpopulations in non-pathological spleen and RLNs from roe and fallow deer and provides an easily repeatable manual IHC protocol to immunolocalize cervine B-, T-cells, and macrophages subsets in FFPE tissue samples.

show abstract

Current Knowledge of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Epidemiology in Ruminants

Cited by 14 publications

References 124 publications

Phylodynamic Analysis Suggests That Deer Species May Be a True Reservoir for Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 3 and 4

Phylodynamic Analysis Suggests That Deer Species May Be a True Reservoir for Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 3 and 4

Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Feces of Capybaras (Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris) in Brazil

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Immune System Cells in Lymphoid Organs from Roe and Fallow Deer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About