Current Knowledge, Gaps, and Future Needs for Keeping Water and Nutrients in the Root Zone of Vegetables Grown in Florida

Simonne, Eric H.; Hutchinson, Chad M.; DeValerio, Jim; Hochmuth, Robert C.; Treadwell, Danielle; Wright, A. D.; Santos, Bielinski; Whidden, Alicia; McAvoy, Gene; Zhao, Xin; Olczyk, Teresa; Gazula, Aparna; Ozores-Hampton, Mónica

doi:10.21273/horttech.20.1.143

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…A study by Zotarelli et al (2009a) in Citra, FL, reported similar interannual differences in tomato yields when rainfall was greater along with higher temperatures in the middle of the growing season. Improving irrigation scheduling based on soil moisture sensors and crop needs will help reduce nitrate leaching in field tomato production in sandy soils (Simonne et al, 2010;Zotarelli et al, 2009b). In this study, significant yield improvement was generally not oberved with N rates above 168 kg · ha -1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes

Djidonou

Zhao²,

Simonne³

et al. 2013

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In addition to managing soilborne diseases, grafting with vigorous rootstocks has been shown to improve yield in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production. However, the influence of different levels of nitrogen (N) and irrigation supplies on grafted tomato plants has not been fully examined in comparison with non-grafted plants, especially under field conditions. The objective of this two-year study was to determine the effects of different irrigation regimes and N rates on yield, irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE), and N use efficiency (NUE) of grafted tomato plants grown with drip irrigation in sandy soils of north Florida. The determinate tomato cultivar Florida 47 was grafted onto two interspecific hybrid rootstocks, 'Beaufort' and 'Multifort' (S. lycopersicum 3 S. habrochaites S. Knapp & D.M. Spooner). Non-grafted 'Florida 47' was used as a control. Plants were grown in a fumigated field under 12 combinations of two drip irrigation regimes (50% and 100% of commonly used irrigation regime) and six N rates (56, 112, 168, 224, 280, and 336 kg · ha L1 ). The field experiments were arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. The whole plots consisted of the irrigation regime and N rate combination treatments, whereas the subplots represented the two grafting treatments and the non-grafted plants. Self-grafted 'Florida 47' was also included in the 100% irrigation and 224 kg N/ha fertilization treatment as a control. In 2010, the 50% irrigation regime resulted in higher total and marketable yields than the 100% irrigation regime. Tomato yield was significantly influenced by N rates, but similar yields were achieved at 168 kg · ha L1 and above. Plants grafted onto 'Beaufort' and 'Multifort' showed an average increase of 27% and 30% in total and marketable fruit yields, respectively, relative to non-grafted plants. In 2011, fruit yields were affected by a significant irrigation by N rate interaction. Grafting significantly increased tomato yields, whereas grafted plants showed greater potential for yield improvement with increasing N rates compared with non-grafted plants. Self-grafting did not affect tomato yields. More fruit per plant and higher average fruit weight as a result of grafting were observed in both years. Grafting with the two rootstocks significantly improved the irrigation water and N use efficiency in tomato production. Results from this study suggested the need for developing irrigation and N fertilization recommendations for grafted tomato production in sandy soils.Grafting is currently practiced worldwide on many high-value cucurbitaceous and solanaceous crops such as watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai], melon (Cucumis melo L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), eggplant (S. melongena L.), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) for both open-field production and protected culture (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes

Djidonou

Zhao²,

Simonne³

et al. 2013

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“…Due to the low NUE of potato, fertilizer application method, inefficiency of the irrigation system, and soil type, increased N fertilizer rates may be necessary to compensate for N losses, especially after intense rainfall (Simonne et al, 2010). In recent years, many potato growers in northeastern Florida have adapted to banding fertilizer instead of broadcast application.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biomass Accumulation, Marketable Yield, and Quality of Atlantic Potato in Response to Nitrogen

et al. 2015

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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Florida is largely produced in sandy soils with low water and nutrient holding capacity, which makes N fertilizer timing and rate key factors for successful crop management. e objective of this study was to determine the e ect of N fertilizer rate and application timing strategy on biomass accumulation, marketable yield, and tuber quality of chipping potato cultivar Atlantic produced in northeastern Florida. Field trials were conducted for three consecutive years on three commercial farms. All plots received 56 kg ha -1 of N before potato planting. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments were 0, 56, 112, or 168 kg ha -1 at plant emergence (N emerg ) combined with 56 or 112 kg ha -1 of N applied as sidedress at tuber initiation (N tuber init ). Aboveground plant biomass showed no response to increasing N at N emerg or N tuber init . Low yield and poor tuber quality were a result of intense rainfall patterns in the rst year. For the other two seasons, marketable yield ranged from 28.7 to 36.1 Mg ha -1 . Nitrogen treatments at emergence were not correlated to an increase in potato yield during the nal 2 yr indicating that under the conditions of these experiments there was no N limitation. Total N applications over 280 kg ha -1 did not increase yield or quality and N tuber init above 56 kg ha -1 had no impact on plant biomass or tuber yield on any farm in any year of this study.

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“…Development of best management practices (BMPs) for nutrient management should take into consideration fertilizer rates, the timing of applications, fertilizer sources, and placement (Simonne et al, 2010). In addition, irrigation management in shallow water table soils plays an important role in soil N movement.…”

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Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Application Timing for Chipping Potato Cultivar Atlantic

et al. 2014

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Guidelines for N fertilizer management of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) that include application timing and rates are fundamental to minimize yield reduction risks. The study objectives were to determine the effect of N fertilizer rate, applied at the plant emergence and tuber initiation stages, on N use efficiency and yield of cultivar Atlantic chipping potato. Fertilizer rates of 0, 56, 112, 168 kg ha -1 were applied at plant emergence, and 56 and 112 kg ha -1 were applied at tuber initiation as a side-dress in a factorial randomized complete block design with four replicates in three consecutive years at three commercial farms. All treatments received 56 kg ha -1 of N at pre-plant. Total N fertilizer applied ranged from 112 to 370 kg ha -1 . Applied N rates influenced the levels of soil inorganic N. The maximum daily N uptake occurred between 55 and 70 d after planting, coinciding with the onset of the tuber bulking stage. Potato yield was similar between N rates applied at emergence with the exception of one farm in 2010 due to high precipitation. Average tuber yield ranged from 15 to 33, 29 to 41, and 33 to 39 Mg ha -1 in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. Tuber yield and plant N uptake were similar with N rates above 56 kg ha -1 applied-at tuber initiation. There was an increased residual concentration of soil N at harvest with higher N application; however, this did not correlate to an increase in potato yield. ).Abbreviations: DAP, days after planting; GDD, growing degree days; N emerg. , nitrogen fertilizer applied at plant emergence 16 to 29 days after planting; NHI, nitrogen harvest index; N pre-pl. , N fertilizer applied at pre-plant 34 to 44 days before planting; N tuber init. , nitrogen fertilizer application as side-dress at tuber initiation, 41 to 51 days after planting; NUE, nitrogen use efficiency; NUpE, nitrogen uptake efficiency; NUtE, nitrogen utilization efficiency.

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Current Knowledge, Gaps, and Future Needs for Keeping Water and Nutrients in the Root Zone of Vegetables Grown in Florida

Cited by 22 publications

References 57 publications

Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes

Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes

Biomass Accumulation, Marketable Yield, and Quality of Atlantic Potato in Response to Nitrogen

Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Application Timing for Chipping Potato Cultivar Atlantic

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