Current knowledge and new challenges in exercise immunology

Alack, Katharina; Pilat, C; Kruger, Kevin

doi:10.5960/dzsm.2019.391

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to the effects of exercise on the MALT, the majority of exercise studies focused on salivary secretory IgA (SIgA) as a marker of MALT functionality 6 , 49 . It has been reported that intensive exercise and overtraining produces, in most studies, a decline in salivary SIgA levels 49 , 50 . The SIgA decrease reported in these studies has been attributed to a reduction in the pIgR expression, an essential receptor involved in the IgA transcytosis across the epithelial cells 52 , which could be due to either prolonged sympathetic nervous system overactivation and elevated cortisol concentration 50 or indirectly mediated by cytokines induced by exercise 52 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in the mucosal immune system by a chronic exhausting exercise in Wistar rats

Ruiz-Iglesias

Estruel-Amades

Camps-Bossacoma

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Exhausting exercise can disturb immune and gastrointestinal functions. Nevertheless, the impact of it on mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue has not been studied in depth. Here, we aim to establish the effects of an intensive training and exhausting exercise on the mucosal immunity of rats and to approach the mechanisms involved. Rats were submitted to a high-intensity training consisting of running in a treadmill 5 days per week for 5 weeks, involving 2 weekly exhaustion tests. At the end, samples were obtained before (T), immediately after (TE) and 24 h after (TE24) an additional final exhaustion test. The training programme reduced the salivary production of immunoglobulin A, impaired the tight junction proteins’ gene expression and modified the mesenteric lymph node lymphocyte composition and function, increasing the ratio between Tαβ+ and B lymphocytes, reducing their proliferation capacity and enhancing their interferon-γ secretion. As a consequence of the final exhaustion test, the caecal IgA content increased, while it impaired the gut zonula occludens expression and enhanced the interleukin-2 and interferon-γ secretion. Our results indicate that intensive training for 5 weeks followed or not by an additional exhaustion disrupts the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue and the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in the mucosal immune system by a chronic exhausting exercise in Wistar rats

Ruiz-Iglesias

Estruel-Amades

Camps-Bossacoma

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…During aging, a shift into the M1 phenotype has been documented [6]. Both processes have been suggested as contributing to inflammaging due to increased basal cytokine production [5,7]. Specifically, the increasing M1/M2 imbalance might be an important driver of age-related diseases.…”

Section: The Innate Immune System During Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Senescent T-cells undergo replicative senescence because they have shortened telomeres and a reduced proliferative capacity [14]. These cells are strong producers of proinflammatory cytokines, aggravating "inflammaging" [7].…”

Section: Adaptive Immunity During Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging

2020

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With increasing age, the immune system undergoes a remodeling process, termed immunosenescence, which is accompanied by considerable shifts in leukocyte subpopulations and a decline in various immune cell functions. Clinically, immunosenescence is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, a more frequent reactivation of latent viruses, decreased vaccine efficacy, and an increased prevalence of autoimmunity and cancer. Physiologically, the immune system has some adaptive strategies to cope with aging, while in some settings, maladaptive responses aggravate the speed of aging and morbidity. While a lack of physical activity, decreased muscle mass, and poor nutritional status facilitate immunosenescence and inflammaging, lifestyle factors such as exercise and dietary habits affect immune aging positively. This review will discuss the relevance and mechanisms of immunoprotection through physical activity and specific exercise interventions. In the second part, we will focus on the effect of dietary interventions through the supplementation of the essential amino acid tryptophan, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics (with a special focus on the kynurenine pathway).

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“…Una de las condiciones mayormente experimentadas por los AAR, son las infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior (URTI) debido a la teoría de "ventana abierta" que consiste en un momento determinado con un alto grado de inmunosupresión, donde los atletas son más propensos a contraer infecciones. 19 Como consecuencia de esta inmunosupresión, también se presenta un fenómeno evidente de inflamación. Las células que están implicadas en los procesos de inflamación inducida por ejercicio, y que frecuentemente son utilizadas como biomarcadores en diversos estudios son NK, neutrófilos, macrófagos, células dendríticas, linfocitos y citocinas (principalmente IL-6, IL-1, IL-8, TNF-a).…”

Section: Inflamación Inducida Por Ejerciciounclassified

El mezquite como ayuda ergogénica para atletas de alto rendimiento en deportes intermitentes. Revisión sistemática.

Trejo¹,

Ramírez-Moreno²,

Ariza‐Ortega³

et al. 2020

ICSA

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Los atletas de alto rendimiento están constantemente sometidos a cargas demandantes de esfuerzo físico, por lo cual muchas veces se recurre al consumo de ayudas ergogénicas para mejorar la producción de energía, el rendimiento deportivo, la composición corporal y/ o potenciar las adaptaciones fisiológicas al entrenamiento. Se han realizado numerosos estudios acerca de la suplementación con polifenoles en alimentos como frutos rojos, cítricos y cocoa; en donde se ha demostrado su efecto positivo sobre el rendimiento. No obstante, existen otros recursos que poseen un significativo contenido de estos complejos moleculares; ejemplo de ello es el mezquite. Se ha encontrado que los extractos obtenidos de cáscara, vainas, polen y hojas de plantas del mezquite, poseen compuestos fenólicos importantes. Sin embargo, la bibliografía e investigaciones del uso de esta planta en el ámbito deportivo es escasa, por lo que, el objetivo de esta revisión es conocer las propiedades y beneficios del mezquite, para evaluar su efecto sobre los fenómenos fisiológicos suscitados en deportes intermitentes y su factibilidad de uso como ayuda ergogénica. Se realizó una revisión sistemática dividida en tres temáticas: 1) Mezquite (“Mesquite composition AND Mexico”, “Mesquite AND polyphenols”, “Mesquite AND exercise”), 2) Polifenoles (“Polyphenols AND inflammation AND sport OR exercise”, “Ergogenic aids AND polyphenols”) y 3) Inflamación inducida por ejercicio (“Sport performance AND intermittent sport AND inflammation”, “Intermittent exercise AND muscle inflammation AND performance AND damage”) De la cual se obtuvo un total de 33 artículos, y tras una segunda revisión se identificaron y analizaron 16 de ellos. Se concluyó que el mezquite es un recurso natural potencialmente rentable para ser utilizado como ayuda ergogénica; siendo harina de mesocarpio y la semilla del mezquite las que poseen un importante contenido de polifenoles y capacidad antioxidante; dicha composición favorece la reducción del estrés oxidativo, la atenuación del dolor muscular, y la disminución del tiempo de recuperación post ejercicio. En vista de todos los beneficios atribuidos a la composición del mezquite, pero a la escasa evidencia de los efectos de su consumo, esta revisión revela que es necesaria más investigación de su uso en el ámbito deportivo.

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Current knowledge and new challenges in exercise immunology

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Alterations in the mucosal immune system by a chronic exhausting exercise in Wistar rats

Alterations in the mucosal immune system by a chronic exhausting exercise in Wistar rats

Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging

El mezquite como ayuda ergogénica para atletas de alto rendimiento en deportes intermitentes. Revisión sistemática.

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