Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as a New Therapeutic Agent

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are on the cusp of regenerative medicine due to their differentiation capacity, favorable culture conditions, ability to be manipulated in vitro, and strong immunomodulatory activity. Recent studies indicate that the pleiotropic effects of MSCs, especially their immunomodulatory potential, can be largely attributed to paracrine factors. Exosomes, vesicles that are 30-150 nanometers in diameter that function in cell-cell communication, are one of the key paracrine effectors. MSC-derived exosomes are enriched with therapeutic miRNAs, mRNAs, cytokines, lipids, and growth factors. Emerging evidences support the compelling possibility of using MSC-derived exosomes as a new form of therapy for treating several different kinds of disease such as heart, kidney, immune diseases, neural injuries, and neurodegenerative disease. This review provides a summary of current knowledge and discusses engineering of MSC-derived exosomes for their use in translational medicine.

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

“…The therapeutic effects of MSCs can be largely attributed to extracellular vesicles including exosomes. Exosomes from MSCs can regulate the inflammatory response, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, blood coagulation, extracellular matrix remodelling, and cell apoptosis; moreover, exosomes can also reduce the levels of creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), as well as necrosis of proximal kidney tubules [3][4][5]. MSC transplantation has become one of the treatment options for a variety of immune system diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [1,[6][7][8].…”

Local delivery of USC-derived Exosome Carrying ANGPTL3 Enhance Spinal Cord Functional Recovery After Injury by Promoting Angiogenesis

“…MSC derived exosome exert their function have been mainly attributed to their cargo molecules such as proteins, lipids, DNAand multiple RNA species [22][23][24][25]. In the current study, we demonstrated that the label exosome could cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) in spinal and migrate to the injured area, as well as the transfer of their speci c cargo, the speci c presence of pro-angiogenic molecules, ANGPTL3 within exosome to damaged tissue.…”

Effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned media on measures of lung structure and function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies

“…Preclinical studies reiterate the ability MSCs have on dampening lung inflammation. This capacity is largely due to the paracrine secretion of MSC factors (microvesicles, exosomes) that provide a basis for future cell-free therapies for human disease [28][29][30][31]. This is the first review to directly compare the effects of CdM vs MSCs on lung structure and function in animal models of diverse lung disease.…”