Current Issues and Challenges in Polypropylene Foaming: A Review

Mohebbi, Abolfazl; Mighri, Frej; Ajji, Abdellah; Rodrigue, Denis

doi:10.1177/026248931503400602

Cited by 95 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(221 reference statements)

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“…The quasi‐static method was used to determine the d 33 coefficient of the ferroelectret PP films . The d 33 coefficient (C/N) is calculated from the output charge Q when a vertical force F is applied on the ferroelectret film as :

d_{33} = Q / F = Q / m g

where m is the mass applied on the sample and g is the acceleration due to gravity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy absorption capacity of ferroelectrets based on porous polypropylene

Mohebbi

Rodrigue

2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Ferroelectret materials are special group of piezoelectric materials obtained from the cellular structure of nonpolar polymers. They are under investigation for a variety of applications such as actuators, vibration control, speakers, microphones, sensors, as well as healthcare monitoring systems. In this work, the effect of morphological and mechanical properties of ferroelectret films on their capacitance and stored energy capacity was studied. Different eye‐like cellular structure of porous polypropylene films with different cell aspect ratio (AR) and mechanical properties were used. The optimized sample was obtained with AR = 6.6 using nitrogen (N2) as the ionizing gas to give a quasi‐static piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of about 800 pC/N, an electrode charge density of about 2.10 mC/m2, a maximum capacitance of about 465 pF, as well as a maximum stored energy capacity of about 1,824 pJ. It was observed that replacing air with N2 as the ionizing gas led to an increase in charge/voltage output. Moreover, by replacing air with N2 as the ionizing gas, the capacitance and stored energy of the samples were improved by about 20% and 80%, respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that the capacitance was mostly related to the cellular morphology of the samples while the stored energy was also function of the ionizing gas used. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:300–309, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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d_{33} = Q / F = Q / m g

where m is the mass applied on the sample and g is the acceleration due to gravity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy absorption capacity of ferroelectrets based on porous polypropylene

Mohebbi

Rodrigue

2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…The smallest cells are obtained at the highest density; for density of 34.7 kg m 23 the cells are more regular with a size close to 1 3 1.5 mm. Mohebbi et al classified, in the case of PP foams, the materials in several types depending on the cell size and the cell density 22 ; by analogy with PP foams and based on their size the cells can be qualified as conventional close cells (cell size being greater than 300 mm and the cell density being obviously lower than 10 6 cells/cm 3 ).…”

Section: Morphology Of Alginate Foams-sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Foams, which are constituted by a continuous polymeric phase and a gaseous phase (as dispersed bubbles) have several advantages in comparison with unfoamed polymers: lightweight, high strength to weight ratio, thermal insulation property, and high thermal stability . Apart synthetic industrial foams made of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene, or polystyrene base matrices, alternative materials have been used for preparing bio‐based foams, for example poly(lactic acid) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…strength to weight ratio, thermal insulation property, and high thermal stability. 22 Apart synthetic industrial foams made of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene, or polystyrene base matrices, alternative materials have been used for preparing bio-based foams, for example poly(lactic acid). 23 Pantani et al reported the combination of foaming agent with physical and temperature variations for elaborating biopolymer foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New alginate foams: Box‐Behnken design of their manufacturing; fire retardant and thermal insulating properties

Vincent

Dumazert

Dufourg

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A new method for preparing alginate foams with progressive release of copper in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS, foaming agent) has been designed. Copper acts as the ionotropic gelling agent through the reaction of copper carbonate with gluconolactone. The process does not require freeze‐drying contrarily to the conventional method used for preparing macroporous alginate foams. The new materials investigated in this study have remarkable thermal properties, including thermal conductivity lower than 0.041 W m−1 K−1 and low heat release (below 2 kJ g−1), which allows labeling these foams self‐extinguishing materials. An experimental design methodology, based on a Box‐Behnken plan with three parameters and three levels, is successfully used for evaluating the impact of the amounts of alginate, SLS, and copper carbonate on the productivity, apparent density, and shrinking at air‐drying. It yielded an optimization of the process for the manufacturing of light, and stable/rigid insulating and thermally stable materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45868.

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“…Among all polymers, polypropylene (PP), as a result of its excellent properties such as low cost, high flexibility, good fatigue resistance, high service temperature, high tensile modulus, and good chemical resistance, is a suitable matrix for foaming. Because of its industrial interest, most of the related challenges in PP foaming were resolved and extensively discussed in our previous work . Nevertheless, PP is a non‐polar polymer, and its cellular films can exhibit good piezoelectric‐like properties after a proper charging process by imposing a high electrical field .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer ferroelectret based on polypropylene foam: piezoelectric properties prediction using dynamic mechanical analysis

Mohebbi

Mighri

Ajji

et al. 2016

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Thin polypropylene (PP) foam films were produced by continuous extrusion using supercritical nitrogen (N2) and then charged via corona discharge. The samples were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis as a simple method to predict the piezoelectric properties of the cellular PP obtained. The results were then related to morphological analysis based on scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties in tension. The results showed that the presence of a nucleating agent (CaCO3) substantially improved the morphology (in terms of cell size and cell density) of the produced foam. Also, an optimization of the extrusion (screw design, temperature profile, blowing agent, and nucleating agent content) and post‐extrusion (calendering temperature and speed) conditions led to the development of a stretched eye‐like cellular structure with uniform cell size distribution. This morphology produced higher storage and loss moduli in the machine (longitudinal) direction than for the transverse direction, as well as higher piezoelectric properties. The morphological and mechanical results showed that higher cell aspect ratio led to lower Young's modulus, which is suitable to achieve higher piezoelectric properties. Finally, the best quasi‐static piezoelectric d33 coefficient was 550 pC/N for a cellular PP ferroelectret having a uniform eye‐like cellular structure using N2 as the ionizing gas inside the cells, while the highest value was only 250 pC/N when air was used. Hence, the value of d33 can be improved by more than 100% just by replacing air with N2 as the ionizing gas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Current Issues and Challenges in Polypropylene Foaming: A Review

Cited by 95 publications

References 103 publications

Energy absorption capacity of ferroelectrets based on porous polypropylene

Energy absorption capacity of ferroelectrets based on porous polypropylene

New alginate foams: Box‐Behnken design of their manufacturing; fire retardant and thermal insulating properties

Polymer ferroelectret based on polypropylene foam: piezoelectric properties prediction using dynamic mechanical analysis

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