Current Insights on Vaccines available for COVID-19 like Flu Symptoms

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused pandemic with a rapid spread and became a major public health issue in the world in year 2020. A potentially lethal illness known as coronavirus disease-2019 was produced by this novel coronavirus member (COVID-19). Combatingthe COVID-19/SARS-CoV2 epidemic, which is endangering the foundation of our civilization, resulting in horrific human casualties, and placing a massive economic burden on the whole world, has presented us with an unparalleled task. The creation of novel testing kits and treatment stoco mbatthe pandemic, including the creation of portable, quicklydeployable, and cost-effective diagnostic testing kits, personal protective equipment, mechanical ventilators, vaccines, and data analysis and modelling tools, has become urgently necessary during this trying time. The vaccination of the populace is acknowledged as a public health priority in the current setting of the epidemic caused by SARS-COV-2. The genomic sequencing for SARS-COV2 was completed fast, in just one month. Since then, vaccination has been the focus of research on a global scale. The pandemic has compelled scientists across the globe to research solutions for treatments as well as vaccines to stop COVID-19. Various researches on SARS-CoV and, to a lesser degree, MERS have provided guidance about immunisation tactics regarding this unique coronavirus. It is explained by the statement that the SARS-CoV-2 shares 79% genetic similarity with SARS-CoV and uses human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor on the host cell. There are several platforms for developing vaccines, including virus-vectored vaccines, m-RNA based vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, m-RNA based nanotherapeutics, intranasal vaccines, recombinant spike protein vaccines, self-amplifying m-RNA vaccines and monoclonal antibodies for passive immunisation that are being evaluated for COVID-19. All these platforms have certain pros and cons. The COVID-19 pandemic is possibly the second most deadly in the last century after the Spanish flu that requires a quick assessment of the various target efficacies in inducing immunity in preventing unplanned immune-potentiation. This article aims to give readers a detailed insight intovaccines that will be successful against the new coronavirus that has ravaged the global economy, human health, and quality of life.