Current-induced spin orientation of electrons in semiconductors

Strong spin–orbit interactions in carbon doped p-type GaAs heterostructures

“…From the value of D SO ¼ 0:85 meV determined from the beating of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, and the elastic scattering time t tr ¼ 41 ps, we can determine the spin-orbit scattering time t SO ¼ 4_ 2 =ðD 2 SO t tr Þ % 0:1 ps [9]. This small value confirms the presence of strong SO interactions.…”

Spin Torque Study of the Spin Hall Conductivity and Spin Diffusion Length in Platinum Thin Films with Varying Resistivity

“…The spin Hall effect (SHE) [1][2][3], in which a transverse spin current density SHE j is induced by a longitudinal charge current density e j and whose strength is characterized by the spin Hall ratio SH SHE (2 / ) / e e j j θ ≡ h , has recently drawn much attention because of its promise for spintronics applications [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Mechanisms which might give rise to the SHE [14,15] include the intrinsic SHE [1,16], side-jump scattering [17] and skew scattering [18].…”

“…Mechanisms which might give rise to the SHE [14,15] include the intrinsic SHE [1,16], side-jump scattering [17] and skew scattering [18]. Two common methods to quantify the strength of the SHE are to employ ferromagnet/normal metal (FM/NM) bilayers and either (1) detect the spin transfer torque that the SHE-induced spin current from the NM layer exerts on the magnetization of the adjacent FM layer [19,20], or (2) use spin pumping to inject a spin current from the FM to the NM and detect the electric current in the NM layer that is induced by the inverse SHE (ISHE) [21][22][23].…”

Temperature dependence of the spin Hall angle and switching current in the nc-W(O)/CoFeB/MgO system with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

“…The ability of spin-orbit torques, and in particular of the spin Hall effect [1][2][3] (SHE), to generate pure spin currents that can be used to manipulate the magnetization of an ultrathin magnetic film has triggered very active research of the spintronics community on this novel field. The spin current generated through the SHE in a heavy metal film exerts a spin transfer torque (STT) on an adjacent magnetic film which can be strong enough to excite ferromagnetic resonance dynamics and even magnetization reversal.…”