Current-Induced Magnetization Switching in Light-Metal-Oxide/Ferromagnetic-Metal Bilayers via Orbital Rashba Effect

Huang, QiKun; Liu, Senmiao; Yang, Tianxiang; Xie, Ronghuan; Cai, Li; Cao, Qiang; Lü, Weiming; Bai, Lihui; Tian, Yufeng; Yan, Shishen

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03972

Nano Lett.

2023

DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03972

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Current-Induced Magnetization Switching in Light-Metal-Oxide/Ferromagnetic-Metal Bilayers via Orbital Rashba Effect

QiKun Huang,

Senmiao Liu,

Tianxiang Yang

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

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Mitigation of Gilbert Damping in the CoFe/CuO_x Orbital Torque System

Ding,

Wang,

Legrand

et al. 2024

Nano Lett.

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Charge-spin interconversion processes underpin the generation of spin–orbit torques in magnetic/nonmagnetic bilayers. However, efficient sources of spin currents such as 5d metals are also efficient spin sinks, resulting in a large increase of magnetic damping. Here we show that a partially oxidized 3d metal can generate a strong orbital torque without a significant increase in damping. Measurements of the torque efficiency ξ and Gilbert damping α in CoFe/CuO x and CoFe/Pt indicate that ξ is comparable in the two systems. The increase in damping relative to a single CoFe layer is Δα < 0.002 in CoFe/CuOx and Δα ≈ 0.005–0.02 in CoFe/Pt, depending on CoFe thickness. We ascribe the nonreciprocal relationship between Δα and ξ in CoFe/CuO x to the small orbital–spin current ratio generated by magnetic resonance in CoFe and the lack of an efficient spin sink in CuO x . Our findings provide new perspectives on the efficient excitation of magnetization dynamics via the orbital torque.

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Mitigation of Gilbert Damping in the CoFe/CuO_x Orbital Torque System

Ding,

Wang,

Legrand

et al. 2024

Nano Lett.

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Spin-anomalous-Hall unidirectional magnetoresistance in light-metal/ferromagnetic-metal bilayers

Huang,

Cui,

Wang

et al. 2024

Applied Physics Reviews

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Nonreciprocal magnetotransport is one of the central topics in spintronics because of its importance for electrically probing magnetic information. Among numerous electrical probes used to read magnetic orders, unidirectional magnetoresistance (UMR), characterized by sign changes upon reversal of either current or magnetization, is currently a matter of great interest and has been identified in various spin–orbit-coupled bilayer systems composed of an (anti)ferromagnetic layer and a nonmagnetic layer with strong spin Hall effect. A recent theoretical work predicts that a spin-anomalous-Hall (SAH) UMR in those metallic conducting bilayers can originate from the spin-anomalous-Hall effect of the ferromagnetic layer and the structural inversion asymmetry. However, this type of UMR has not been reported experimentally. Here, we give the experimental evidence of spin-anomalous-Hall UMR in the light-metal/ferromagnetic-metal Cu/Co bilayers, where the emergence of net nonequilibrium spin density is attributed to the interfacial spin leakage asymmetry due to the spin memory loss effect at the Cu/Co interface and multiple spin reflections. We also show a highly tunable UMR in the Cu/Co/CuOx trilayer by varying the Cu thickness, which is due to the competition between the orbital Rashba effect in Co/CuOx and the spin-anomalous-Hall effect in Cu/Co. Our work widens the material choice for UMR device applications and provides an alternative approach to detect in-plane magnetization without an external spin polarizer.

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Quantifying the large contribution from orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect to the effective damping-like torque on magnetization

Krishnia,

Bony,

Rongione

et al. 2024

APL Materials

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The generation of large spin currents, and the associated spin torques, which are at the heart of modern spintronics, has long been achieved by charge-to-spin conversion mechanisms, i.e., the spin Hall effect and/or the Rashba–Edelstein effect, intrinsically linked to strong spin–orbit coupling. Recently, a novel path has been predicted and observed for achieving significant current-induced torques originating from light elements, hence possessing weak spin–orbit interaction. These findings point out to the potential involvement of the orbital counterpart of electrons, namely the orbital Hall and orbital Rashba–Edelstein effects. In this study, we aim at quantifying these orbital-related contributions to the effective torques acting on a thin Co layer in different systems. First, we demonstrate in Pt|Co|Cu|AlOx stacking a comparable torque strength coming from the conversion due to the orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect at the Cu|AlOx interface and the one from the effective spin Hall effect in the bottom Pt|Co system. Second, in order to amplify the orbital-to-spin conversion, we investigate the impact of an intermediate Pt layer in Co|Pt|Cu|CuOx. From the Pt thickness dependence of the effective torques determined by harmonic Hall measurements complemented by spin Hall magneto-resistance and THz spectroscopy experiments, we demonstrate that a large orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect is present at the Cu|CuOx interface, leading to a twofold enhancement of the net torques on Co for the optimal Pt thickness. Our findings not only demonstrate the crucial role that orbital currents can play in low-dimensional systems with weak spin–orbit coupling but also reveal that they enable more energy efficient manipulation of magnetization in spintronic devices.

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Current-Induced Magnetization Switching in Light-Metal-Oxide/Ferromagnetic-Metal Bilayers via Orbital Rashba Effect

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Mitigation of Gilbert Damping in the CoFe/CuO_x Orbital Torque System

Mitigation of Gilbert Damping in the CoFe/CuO_x Orbital Torque System

Spin-anomalous-Hall unidirectional magnetoresistance in light-metal/ferromagnetic-metal bilayers

Quantifying the large contribution from orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect to the effective damping-like torque on magnetization

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Current-Induced Magnetization Switching in Light-Metal-Oxide/Ferromagnetic-Metal Bilayers via Orbital Rashba Effect

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Mitigation of Gilbert Damping in the CoFe/CuOx Orbital Torque System

Mitigation of Gilbert Damping in the CoFe/CuOx Orbital Torque System

Spin-anomalous-Hall unidirectional magnetoresistance in light-metal/ferromagnetic-metal bilayers

Quantifying the large contribution from orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect to the effective damping-like torque on magnetization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Mitigation of Gilbert Damping in the CoFe/CuO_x Orbital Torque System

Mitigation of Gilbert Damping in the CoFe/CuO_x Orbital Torque System