Current in vitro methods in nanoparticle risk assessment: Limitations and challenges

Kröll, Alexandra; Pillukat, Mike H.; Hahn, Daniela; Schnekenburger, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.08.009

Cited by 389 publications

(282 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…This assay is based on the reduction of the MTT dye by the mitochondria of the cells to a purple insoluble formazan [50] and is well recognised for detection of mitochondrial activity. [51] The current results showed the expected linear correlation between cell number and absorbance values for the MTT assay standard curves with an R 2 of ,0.98. The coefficient of variation for the technical replicates was consistently in range of 2-10 %, demonstrating that this assay is reliable and technically reproducible.…”

Section: Mtt Interference Assaysupporting

confidence: 54%

“…by reducing the amount of free MTT and causing a false negative result. [51] Belyanskaya et al demonstrated that single-walled carbon nanotubes significantly decreased the extent of the MTT reaction when assaying human A549 lung cancer cells. [57] Also, sodium titanate nanoparticles increase the MTT-formazan light absorption in a concentration-dependent manner, possibly due to light scattering effects.…”

Section: Mtt Interference Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Modification Protocols on the Effectiveness of Gold Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Killing of Breast Cancer Cells

et al. 2016

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The current study evaluated the potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the delivery of Taxol to breast cancer cells (T47D) using an in vitro cell culture model. For this study, new loading approaches and novel chemical attachments were investigated. Five different gold nanoparticle-based complexes were used to determine their cytotoxicity towards T47D cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay. There was no significant decrease (P . 0.05) in cell viability when T47D cells were treated with AuNPs that did not contain Taxol. However, cells were significantly killed by gold nanoparticles chemically conjugated to Taxol using three different approaches and one novel hybrid AuNP-Taxol nanoparticle, wherein no chemical bonds were involved. These Taxolloaded AuNPs were more effective at inducing cell death in vitro than a solution of free Taxol used to treat cells. This result demonstrated that Taxol could be released from the particles in the cell culture media for subsequent therapeutic action. Additionally, the experiments proved that the Taxol-loaded AuNPs were more toxic in a dose dependent manner than Taxol as a formulation for the treatment of breast cancer cells. The results of this study suggest that gold nanoparticles have potential for the efficient delivery of Taxol to breast cancer cells. This could provide a future solution as an alternative application method to overcome adverse side effects resulting from current high-dose treatment regimes.

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Section: Mtt Interference Assaysupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Mtt Interference Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Modification Protocols on the Effectiveness of Gold Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Killing of Breast Cancer Cells

et al. 2016

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“…Nel et al have first raised this thought in 2006, emphasizing on the necessity to optimize the classical in vitro toxicity assays as they show several shortcomings when they are being applied for NP toxicity evaluation 28 . We believe that the major issues with the current in vitro methods are (i) the lack of a complete characterization of the particles, (ii ) the lack of standardisation and guidelines on how to perform a toxicological evaluation in vitro, (iii) the possibility of NP interfering with the assay and therefore lack of appropriate methods to evaluate nanotoxicity and (iv) the shortcomings inherent to the most used classical 2D monocultures 11,82,93,104,105 . It is therefore clear that further research on the optimization of methods is highly recommended in order to obtain reproducible data that would allow drawing firm conclusions regarding NP toxicity.…”

Section: Issues With Routine Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing nanoparticle toxicity in cell-based assays: influence of cell culture parameters and optimized models for bridging the in vitro–in vivo gap

et al. 2013

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“…In recent years, MNP have been proposed for applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery, cell sorting, hyperthermia, nanosensors and tissue engineering [2,3]. The development of new technologies implies the need to determine their toxicity and to identify potential risks and side effects that could arise from their use, especially important in the case of nanotechnology [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term biotransformation and toxicity of dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles support their use in biomedical applications

Mejías

Gutiérrez

Salas

et al. 2013

Journal of Controlled Release

114

102

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Although iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) have been proposed for numerous biomedical applications, little is known about their biotransformation and long-term toxicity in the body. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)-coated magnetic nanoparticles have been proven efficient for in vivo drug delivery, but these results must nonetheless be sustained by comprehensive studies of long-term distribution, degradation and toxicity. We studied DMSA-coated magnetic nanoparticles effects in vitro on NCTC 1469 nonparenchymal hepatocytes, and analyzed their biodistribution and biotransformation in vivo in C57BL/6 mice. Our results indicate that DMSA-coated magnetic nanoparticles have little effect on cell viability, oxidative stress, cell cycle or apoptosis on NCTC 1469 cells in vitro. In vivo distribution and transformation was studied by alternating current magnetic susceptibility measurements, a technique that permits distinction of MNP from other iron species. Our results show that DMSA-coated MNP accumulate in spleen, liver and lung tissues for extended periods of time, in which nanoparticles undergo a process of conversion from superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to other nonsuperparamagnetic iron forms, with no significant signs of toxicity.

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Current in vitro methods in nanoparticle risk assessment: Limitations and challenges

Cited by 389 publications

References 132 publications

Effect of Modification Protocols on the Effectiveness of Gold Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Killing of Breast Cancer Cells

Effect of Modification Protocols on the Effectiveness of Gold Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Killing of Breast Cancer Cells

Assessing nanoparticle toxicity in cell-based assays: influence of cell culture parameters and optimized models for bridging the in vitro–in vivo gap

Long term biotransformation and toxicity of dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles support their use in biomedical applications

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