Current Ideas on the Genetics and Regulation of the Synthesis of Phaseolotoxin in Pseudomonas Syringae PV. Phaseolicola

Alvarez‐Morales, Ariel; López‐López, Karina; Hernández-Flores, José Luis

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9084-6_5

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…phaseolicola chromosome, have suggested that this entire region has been acquired by horizontal transfer [14,15]. The close phylogeny of some genes of the Pht cluster with those from Gram-positive species, with a similar G+C content, suggests an origin of genes for the biosynthesis of phaseolotoxin from a Gram-positive microorganism [16,17]. However, so far there is not experimental evidence that demonstrates whether the Pht cluster contains all necessary elements for phaseolotoxin production.…”

Section: Pht Cluster (Argk-tox Cluster or Tox-island)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phaseolotoxin: Environmental Conditions and Regulatory Mechanisms Involved in Its Synthesis

Arvizu-Gómez,

Hernández-Morales,

Campos-Guillén

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Phaseolotoxin is an antimetabolite toxin produced by diverse pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae which affects various plants, causing diseases of economic importance. Phaseolotoxin contributes to the systemic dissemination of the pathogen in the plant, therefore it is recognized as a major virulence factor. Genetic traits such as the Pht cluster, appear defining to the toxigenic strains phaseolotoxin producers. Extensive research has contributed to our knowledge concerning the regulation of phaseolotoxin revealing a complex regulatory network that involves processes at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, in which specific and global regulators participate. Even more, significant advances in understanding how specific signals, including host metabolites, nutrient sources, and physical parameters such as the temperature, can affect phaseolotoxin production have been made. A general overview of the phaseolotoxin regulation, focusing on the chemical and physical cues, and regulatory pathways involved in the expression of this major virulence factor will be given in the present work.

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Section: Pht Cluster (Argk-tox Cluster or Tox-island)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phaseolotoxin: Environmental Conditions and Regulatory Mechanisms Involved in Its Synthesis

Arvizu-Gómez,

Hernández-Morales,

Campos-Guillén

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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“…phaseolicola contains a cluster of 23 genes, the Pht cluster, responsible for the biosynthesis of the wide-spectrum antimetabolite toxin phaseolotoxin121314. Besides its relevance as a research model and potential biotechnological applications15, the Pht cluster is of practical significance because it is generally used for the specific detection of this important plant pathogen16. The cluster is embedded into the 38 kb putative pathogenicity island Pht-PAI, whose 5′ end is defined by three genes coding for products with similarities to TRases1317.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Four genes essential for recombination define GInts, a new type of mobile genomic island widespread in bacteria

Bardaji

Echeverría

Rodrı́guez-Palenzuela

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Integrases are a family of tyrosine recombinases that are highly abundant in bacterial genomes, actively disseminating adaptive characters such as pathogenicity determinants and antibiotics resistance. Using comparative genomics and functional assays, we identified a novel type of mobile genetic element, the GInt, in many diverse bacterial groups but not in archaea. Integrated as genomic islands, GInts show a tripartite structure consisting of the ginABCD operon, a cargo DNA region from 2.5 to at least 70 kb, and a short AT-rich 3′ end. The gin operon is characteristic of GInts and codes for three putative integrases and a small putative helix-loop-helix protein, all of which are essential for integration and excision of the element. Genes in the cargo DNA are acquired mostly from phylogenetically related bacteria and often code for traits that might increase fitness, such as resistance to antimicrobials or virulence. GInts also tend to capture clusters of genes involved in complex processes, such as the biosynthesis of phaseolotoxin by Pseudomonas syringae. GInts integrate site-specifically, generating two flanking direct imperfect repeats, and excise forming circular molecules. The excision process generates sequence variants at the element attachment site, which can increase frequency of integration and drive target specificity.

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Current Ideas on the Genetics and Regulation of the Synthesis of Phaseolotoxin in Pseudomonas Syringae PV. Phaseolicola

Cited by 2 publications

References 73 publications

Phaseolotoxin: Environmental Conditions and Regulatory Mechanisms Involved in Its Synthesis

Phaseolotoxin: Environmental Conditions and Regulatory Mechanisms Involved in Its Synthesis

Four genes essential for recombination define GInts, a new type of mobile genomic island widespread in bacteria

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