Current global trends in the incidence of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

AIMTo perform a comprehensive review and provide an up-to-date synopsis of the incidence and trends of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODSWe systematically searched the MEDLINE (source PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (period: 1985-2018) to identify studies reporting population-based data on the incidence of pediatric-onset (< 19 years at diagnosis) IBD in full manuscripts. Two authors carried out screening and data extraction. Choropleth interactive maps and temporal trends were used to illustrate the international differences and incidences of and changes in IBD and subtypes.RESULTSIn total, one hundred forty studies reporting data from 38 countries were considered in this review. The highest annual pediatric incidences of IBD were 23/100000 person-years in Europe, 15.2/100000 in North America, and 11.4/100000 in Asia/the Middle East and Oceania. The highest annual incidences of Crohn’s disease (CD) were 13.9/100000 in North America and 12.3/100000 in Europe. The highest annual incidences of ulcerative colitis (UC) were 15.0/100000 in Europe and 10.6/100000 in North America. The highest annual incidences of IBD-unclassified (IBD-U) were 3.6/100000 in Europe and 2.1/100000 in North America. In the time-trend analyses, 67% of CD, 46% of UC and 11% of IBD-U studies reported an increasing incidence (P < 0.05). The risk of IBD is increasing among first-generation of migrant populations.CONCLUSIONGlobally, the incidence of IBD varies greatly by geographical areas. The steadily increasing incidence of pediatric IBD over time indicates its emergence as a global disease, suggesting that studies should investigate the environmental risk factors among pediatric cohorts.

Integrating omics for a better understanding of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a step towards personalized medicine

“…Post-World War II, a rapid increase in the incidence of UC and CD had been reported, with more than 5 million people affected worldwide [11][12][13]. This drastic increase in IBD patterns suggest that other factors aside from industrialization must be involved in driving the changes observed in the prevalence of IBD [13,14]. Recent studies have found a number of environmental factors including modern diet, increasing body mass index, glycemic response, medications and gut microbiota can trigger the host immune response, and have been linked to increasing IBD prevalence [15].…”

Changes in serum hepcidin levels in children with inflammatory bowel disease during anti‐inflammatory treatment

“…Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-U) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affecting the gastrointestinal tract. 1 Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) are the most common extraintestinal systemic complications of IBD. 2 IDA reflects absolute iron deficiency; ACD involves 'functional' iron deficiency; and in IDA + ACD, different combinations of both mechanisms are involved.…”

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: Is it really uncommon in Asian children?

“…In a systematic review of 140 studies from 38 countries, Sykora et al 20 showed that the highest annual incidence of pediatric IBD is in Europe (23 per 100 000 person-year), followed by North America (15.2 per 100 000 person-year), and it is the lowest in Asia/the Middle East and Oceania (11.4 per 100 000 person-year). In fact, barring a small study of 32 cases from Singapore, 21 all other studies from Asia [22][23][24][25] have shown a low incidence of pediatric IBD (0.5-5.5 per 100 000 person-year).…”