“…The main morphological difference between T. hsutschouensis and T. robusta lies in the different degrees of body surface scales. The body surface of T. hsutschouensis is almost bare and scaleless, which can reduce the waste of body temperature in cold areas (Wang, Yang, et al, 2015 ; Wang, Zhang, et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Yang et al, 2021 ). This may be due to scale degradation during the Pleistocene Ice Age, which was an adaptive evolution of T. hsutschouensis to a cold environment.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nine species of Plateau loach were first recorded in the Qilian Mountains (Zhu, 1989 ). With the discovery of new species and the redefinition of species, 11 species of plateau loach are reported in the Qilian Mountains (Wang, 1991 ; Wang, Yang, et al, 2015 ; Wang, Zhang, et al, 2015 ; Wu & Wu, 1992 ). Due to the narrow distribution range and difficulties in obtaining samples, some Triplophysa species were rarely investigated for a long time in the Qilian Mountains (Feng et al, 2017 ; He et al, 2011 ; Wang et al, 2020 ).…”
In recent years, the influence of historical geological and climatic events on the evolution of flora and fauna in the Tibetan Plateau has been a hot research topic. The Qilian Mountain region is one of the most important sources of biodiversity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Many species existed in the region during the Pleistocene glacial oscillation, and the complex geographical environment provided suitable conditions for the survival of local species. The shrinkage, expansion, and transfer of the distribution range and population size of species have significant effects on genetic diversity and intraspecific differentiation. To reveal the effects of geological uplift and climate oscillation on the evolution of fish populations in the Qilian Mountains, we investigated the genetic structure, phylogenetic relationship, and phylogeographical characteristics of genus Triplophysa species in the Qilian Mountains using the mitochondrial DNA gene (COI), three nuclear genes (RAG1, sRH, and Myh6) and 11 pairs of nuclear microsatellite markers. We collected 11 species of genus Triplophysa living in the Qilian Mountains, among which Triplophysa hsutschouensis and Triplophysa papillosolabiata are widely distributed in the rivers on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains.There was a high degree of lineage differentiation among species, and the genetic diversity of endemic species was low. The different geographical groups of T. papillosolabiata presented some allogeneic adaptation and differentiation, which was closely related to the changes in the river system. Except for the population expansion event of T. hsutschouensis during the last glacial period of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (0.025 MYA), the population sizes of other plateau loach species remained stable without significant population expansion. Starting from the east and west sides of the Qilian Mountains, T. hsutschouensis, and T. papillosolabiata showed two species colonization routes in opposite directions. The geological events of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the climatic oscillation of the Quaternary glaciation had a great influence 2of24 | DU et al.
“…The main morphological difference between T. hsutschouensis and T. robusta lies in the different degrees of body surface scales. The body surface of T. hsutschouensis is almost bare and scaleless, which can reduce the waste of body temperature in cold areas (Wang, Yang, et al, 2015 ; Wang, Zhang, et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Yang et al, 2021 ). This may be due to scale degradation during the Pleistocene Ice Age, which was an adaptive evolution of T. hsutschouensis to a cold environment.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nine species of Plateau loach were first recorded in the Qilian Mountains (Zhu, 1989 ). With the discovery of new species and the redefinition of species, 11 species of plateau loach are reported in the Qilian Mountains (Wang, 1991 ; Wang, Yang, et al, 2015 ; Wang, Zhang, et al, 2015 ; Wu & Wu, 1992 ). Due to the narrow distribution range and difficulties in obtaining samples, some Triplophysa species were rarely investigated for a long time in the Qilian Mountains (Feng et al, 2017 ; He et al, 2011 ; Wang et al, 2020 ).…”
In recent years, the influence of historical geological and climatic events on the evolution of flora and fauna in the Tibetan Plateau has been a hot research topic. The Qilian Mountain region is one of the most important sources of biodiversity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Many species existed in the region during the Pleistocene glacial oscillation, and the complex geographical environment provided suitable conditions for the survival of local species. The shrinkage, expansion, and transfer of the distribution range and population size of species have significant effects on genetic diversity and intraspecific differentiation. To reveal the effects of geological uplift and climate oscillation on the evolution of fish populations in the Qilian Mountains, we investigated the genetic structure, phylogenetic relationship, and phylogeographical characteristics of genus Triplophysa species in the Qilian Mountains using the mitochondrial DNA gene (COI), three nuclear genes (RAG1, sRH, and Myh6) and 11 pairs of nuclear microsatellite markers. We collected 11 species of genus Triplophysa living in the Qilian Mountains, among which Triplophysa hsutschouensis and Triplophysa papillosolabiata are widely distributed in the rivers on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains.There was a high degree of lineage differentiation among species, and the genetic diversity of endemic species was low. The different geographical groups of T. papillosolabiata presented some allogeneic adaptation and differentiation, which was closely related to the changes in the river system. Except for the population expansion event of T. hsutschouensis during the last glacial period of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (0.025 MYA), the population sizes of other plateau loach species remained stable without significant population expansion. Starting from the east and west sides of the Qilian Mountains, T. hsutschouensis, and T. papillosolabiata showed two species colonization routes in opposite directions. The geological events of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the climatic oscillation of the Quaternary glaciation had a great influence 2of24 | DU et al.
“…Binding FeP with heteroatom-doped conductive carbonaceous material is a practical method to improve surface-dominated charge storage, restrain aggregation and prolong the structural stability of the electrode. 233,234 Wang et al . 211 reported the synthesis of hierarchical FeP nanoflakes homogeneously embedded on N-doped hollow carbon nanotubes via a facile hydrothermal method and subsequent phosphating.…”
Section: Fe-based Anode Materials For Pibsmentioning
This review critically evaluates recent advances in iron-based electrode materials and applications in alkali metal ion batteries, covering chemical synthesis, structural design, and modification strategies, with insights into future directions.
“…Fishes 2023, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 13 been gradually shrinking due to the reduction in water resources, water pollution, and water conservancy construction [13,14]. As a result, their populations have experienced a sharp decline, and some species have even become endangered or extinct.…”
To investigate the age composition, growth pattern, mortality, and exploitation rate of Triplophysa scleroptera in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, we measured the total length (L) and body weight (W) of 347 individuals based on three sampling surveys from 2022 to 2023. The otoliths were used in this investigation to determine age. The total length of the collected samples ranged from 5.69 cm to 18.40 cm, body weight ranged from 1.65 g to 50.22 g, and the age ranged from 1 to 7 years old. The relationship of total length and body weight was W=0.009L2.942 for the total samples, and the growth pattern observed in the study belongs to the isometric type. The von Bertalanffy growth equation revealed that the fish had an asymptotic total length L∞ of 37.536 cm, and the growth coefficient K was 0.064 yr−1. Total instantaneous mortality rate (Z) of total samples calculated by the age-based catch curve method was 1.092 yr−1. The average instantaneous rate of the natural mortality (M), estimated by three different methods, for the total samples was 0.237 yr−1. The instantaneous rate of fishing mortality (F) for the total samples was calculated as 0.855 yr−1, and the exploitation rate (E) was determined as 0.783. As a whole, compared with other Triplophysa fishes, the growth rate of T. scleroptera in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is relatively slow, and the population of T. scleroptera has been overexploited. It is crucial to establish some effective management strategies to protect this species.
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