Current evidence on transcranial magnetic stimulation and its potential usefulness in post-stroke neurorehabilitation: Opening new doors to the treatment of cerebrovascular disease

Ruiz, M. León; Sarasa, Marta; Rodríguez, L. Sanjuán; Benito‐León, Julián; Ristol, E. García-Albea; Arce, S. Arce

doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2016.03.009

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Stimulation at a certain frequency may lead to prolonged and increased cortical excitability after the period of stimulation ( Thomson et al, 2020 ), affecting both neuronal and glial physiology ( Cullen and Young, 2016 ). rTMS has already found use in clinical treatment for neurological and psychiatric diseases showing a beneficial effect in patients with drug-resistant depression ( De Risio et al, 2020 ), motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease ( Nardone et al, 2019 ), and stroke ( León Ruiz et al, 2018 ). It has been reported that rTMS, especially in combination with cognitive training, could be effective for improving mild-to-moderate cognitive decline in AD ( Rabey and Dobronevsky, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Deficit and Attenuates Neuroinflammation via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer’s-Like Disease Model

Stekic

Zeljković

Kontic

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Neurodegeneration implies progressive neuronal loss and neuroinflammation further contributing to pathology progression. It is a feature of many neurological disorders, most common being Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive stimulation which modulates excitability of stimulated brain areas through magnetic pulses. Numerous studies indicated beneficial effect of rTMS in several neurological diseases, including AD, however, exact mechanism are yet to be elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the effect of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), an rTMS paradigm, on behavioral, neurochemical and molecular level in trimethyltin (TMT)-induced Alzheimer’s-like disease model. TMT acts as a neurotoxic agent targeting hippocampus causing cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation, replicating behavioral and molecular aspects of AD. Male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups–controls, rats subjected to a single dose of TMT (8 mg/kg), TMT rats subjected to iTBS two times per day for 15 days and TMT sham group. After 3 weeks, we examined exploratory behavior and memory, histopathological and changes on molecular level. TMT-treated rats exhibited severe and cognitive deficit. iTBS-treated animals showed improved cognition. iTBS reduced TMT-induced inflammation and increased anti-inflammatory molecules. We examined PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway which is involved in regulation of apoptosis, cell growth and learning and memory. We found significant downregulation of phosphorylated forms of Akt and mTOR in TMT-intoxicated animals, which were reverted following iTBS stimulation. Application of iTBS produces beneficial effects on cognition in of rats with TMT-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration and that effect could be mediated via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which could candidate this protocol as a potential therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Deficit and Attenuates Neuroinflammation via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer’s-Like Disease Model

Stekic

Zeljković

Kontic

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Most of the examples with regard to the application of EMI come from neurology ( 36 , 40 – 43 ). Work is carried out with the so-called “transcranial magnetic stimulation” ( 42 , 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Induction for Treatment of Unspecific Back Pain: A Prospective Randomized Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial

Hartard¹,

Fenneni

Scharla

et al. 2023

JRM

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of high-energy pulsed electromagnetic fields on unspecific back pain. Methods: A prospective, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial with repeated measurements was performed. The study included 5 visits (V0 to V4) with 3 interventions during V1, V2 and V3. Sixty-one patients aged between 18 and 80 years with unspecific back pain (acute inflammatory diseases and specific causes were reasons for exclusion) were included. The treatment group (n = 31) received 1–2 pulses/s, with an intensity of 50 mT, and an electric field strength of at least 20 V/m on 3 consecutive weekdays for 10 min each time. The control group (n = 30) received a comparable sham therapy. Pain intensity (visual analogue scale), local oxyhaemoglobin saturation, heart rate, blood pressure, and perfusion index were evaluated before (b) and after (a) V1 and V3 interventions. Change in visual analogue scale for V1 (ChangeV1a-b) and V3 (ChangeV3a-b), and ChangeData between V3a and V1b (ChangeV3a–V1b) for the remaining data were calculated (results were mean (standard deviation) (95% confidence interval; 95% CI)).Results: Concerning the visual analogue scale: (i) compared with the control group, the treatment group had higher ChangeV1a–b (–1.25 (1.76) (95% CI –1.91 to –0.59) vs –2.69 (1.74) (95% CI –3.33 to –2.06), respectively), and comparable Change V3a–b (–0.86 (1.34) (95% CI –1.36 to –0.36) vs –1.37 (1.03) (95% CI –1.75 to 0.99), respectively); and (ii) there was a significant marked decrease in Change V3a–1b in the treatment group compared with the control group (–5.15 (1.56) (95% CI –5.72 to –4.57) vs –2.58 (1.68) (95% CI –3.21 to –1.96), p = 0.001, respectively). There was no significant ChangeV3a–V1b in local oxyhaemoglobin saturation, heart rate, blood pressure or perfusion index between the 2 groups and for the same group (before vs after).Conclusion: Non-thermal, non-invasive electromagnetic induction therapy had a significant and rapid influence on unspecific back pain in the treatment group. LAY ABSTRACTBack pain is a health disorder of outstanding epidemiological, medical, and health economic importance. In the case of unspecific back pain, there is no clear specific cause. Electrotherapy is a physical therapy procedure using electric current for therapeutic purposes. Electromagnetic induction can influence many biological processes that are important for therapeutic interventions. A relatively new method is the use of non-invasive, very short, high-energy pulsed electromagnetic fields. Based on the literature, observations, and guidelines available up to February 2023, therapeutically successful use of electromagnetic induction appears possible, particularly in the case of high-energy pulsed electromagnetic fields. Pulsed electromagnetic fields with high-energy pulsed electromagnetic fields are therefore the logical therapeutic extension of high-energy pulsed electromagnetic fields. This study was designed to test the theory that high-energy pulsed electromagnetic fields can reduce unspecific back-pain. The application of electromagnetic induction, short high-frequency and high-energy, but non-thermal, electromagnetic pulses with a magnetic flux density of approximately 50–100 mT was found to reduce unspecific back-pain in the treatment area of the treatment group.

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“…At present, the clinical efficacy of TMS on PSD patients has been proved by extensive clinical research data, which can realize the regulation of neuroplasticity, improve the brain's ability to train neural circuits and neuroprotective effect ( León Ruiz et al, 2018 ). More scholars have proposed that the current research direction is mainly focused on the short-term and immediate effects of TMS in enhancing cognition, and whether it can be effective in the long term needs more research data to support.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on treatment effect and immune function

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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To explore the effect of transcranial stimulation on the therapeutic effect and immune function of patients with post-stroke depression (PSD). Methods Selection in September 2020–April 2021 on the diagnosis of 70 patients with PSD as the research object, 35 patients were randomly divided into control group and intervention group and control group given conventional treatment, the intervention group in the control group on the basis of the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment, compare the curative effect of two groups of patients after the treatment cycle and the effects on the immune function. Results After treatment, the levels of DA, NE, 5-HT in 2 groups were significantly increased, and those in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, serum Gly content in 2 groups was significantly increased and Glu content was significantly decreased compared with before treatment. Compared with the control group, serum Gly content in observation group was significantly increased and Glu content was significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of 2 groups were significantly decreased, compared with the control group, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of observation group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); Before treatment, there was no significant difference in PHQ-9 score and MBI score between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, PHQ-9 score and MBI score in the two groups were better than before treatment, and the observation group was better than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy can not only effectively promote the synthesis and release of monoamine neurotransmitters in patients with post-stroke depression, regulate the inhibitory/excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters, reduce inflammatory response, improve the clinical treatment effect and enhance the immune function of PSD patients, which has clinical application value.

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Current evidence on transcranial magnetic stimulation and its potential usefulness in post-stroke neurorehabilitation: Opening new doors to the treatment of cerebrovascular disease

Cited by 19 publications

References 93 publications

Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Deficit and Attenuates Neuroinflammation via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer’s-Like Disease Model

Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Deficit and Attenuates Neuroinflammation via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer’s-Like Disease Model

Electromagnetic Induction for Treatment of Unspecific Back Pain: A Prospective Randomized Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial

Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on treatment effect and immune function

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