Current evidence on the associations of breastfeeding, infant formula, and cow's milk introduction with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

Patelarou, Evridiki; Girvalaki, Charis; Brokalaki, Hero; Patelarou, Athena; Androulaki, Zacharenia; Vardavas, Constantine

doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00513.x

Cited by 86 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Lack of breastfeeding is associated with infants' later risk of developing type 1 diabetes (16) and type 2 diabetes (17) . Early breastfeeding has been associated with improved glycaemic outcomes in infants born to women with diabetes in pregnancy (18,19) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in breast-feeding initiation and continuation by maternal diabetes status

Oza-Frank

Chertok

Bartley

2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To examine (i) the prevalence of and associations between breastfeeding initiation and continuation by maternal diabetes status and (ii) the reasons for not initiating and/or continuing breast-feeding by maternal diabetes status. Design: Secondary data analyses of a population-based cross-sectional study were conducting using data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2009-2011. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between breast-feeding initiation and continuation by diabetes status. Setting: Thirty states and New York City, USA. Subjects: Mothers of recently live-born infants, selected by birth certificate sampling. Results: Among 72 755 women, 8·8 % had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 1·7 % had pregestational diabetes mellitus (PDM). Breast-feeding initiation was similar among GDM and no diabetes mellitus (NDM) women (80·8 % v. 82·2 %, respectively, P = 0·2), but continuation was lower among GDM (65·7 % v. 68·8 %, respectively, P = 0·01). PDM women had lower initiation and continuation compared with NDM (78·2 %, P = 0·03 and 60·4 %, P < 0·01, respectively). In adjusted analyses, current smoking status was a significant effect modifier for initiation, but not for continuation. Conclusions: Differences in breast-feeding initiation and continuation prevalence by maternal diabetes status may reflect differences in prenatal education, indicating the need for increased efforts among PDM women. Additionally, nonsmoking women with PDM or GDM would benefit from additional breast-feeding education.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in breast-feeding initiation and continuation by maternal diabetes status

Oza-Frank

Chertok

Bartley

2014

Public Health Nutr.

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“…In addition, Lf partially inhibited the formation of proteaseresistant prion protein. Lf present in the breast milk also protected against T. gondii infection [420], and current evidence indicate that a short duration of breastfeeding may constitute a risk factor for development of T1DM later in life [465].…”

Section: T Gondii Infectionmentioning

confidence: 77%

T. gondii Infection Acquired during Pregnancy and/or after Birth may be Responsible for Development of both Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pr¹,

ota²

2013

J Diabetes Metab

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Recently, it was suggested that maternal T and potentially B cells transferred during pregnancy and/or the breast milk feeding and their encounter with the antigen in mesenteric lymph nodes might play a role in development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). T. gondii infection during gestation and/or after birth may be responsible for development of both T1DM and T2DM in children, adolescents and adults because: a) maternal microchimerism in peripheral blood was demonstrated to be significantly higher in patients with T1DM compared to unaffected siblings and healthy subjects, b) transmission of T. gondii as a Trojan horse in various types of eukaryotic cells, including T and B lymphocytes, c) swallowing by the fetus of amniotic fluid containing infected leukocytes and other cells, d) elimination of T. gondii in the breast milk during lactation, e) involvement of mesenteric lymph nodes after oral infection with the parasite, and f) damage of the myenteric neurons during infection with the parasite in both the animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and diabetic patients. Moreover, a significantly lower occurrence of antibodies against T. gondii found in the sera of patients with T1DM compared with their first-degree family members or healthy controls may be due to their T and/or B cell exhaustion perspective caused by chronic infection with the parasite. This suggestion may be supported by the finding that latent toxoplasmosis was associated with markedly reduced lymphocyte B-cell counts responsible for production of antibodies, markedly lower serum IgG, IgM, and IgA levels, and a significant suppression of IL-2. On the other hand, patients with T2DM had increased anti-T. gondii antibodies significantly more frequently than respective controls. Impaired vascular endothelial function characteristic for the patients with diabetes mellitus may be at least in part due to the preferential T. gondii infection of endothelial cells. Vitamin D and minocycline exerted beneficial effects on development and clinical course of diabetes mellitus probably because of their immunomodulatory and antitoxoplasmatic activities. These data strongly suggest that the parasite play an important role in development of both types of diabetes mellitus.

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“…Specifically, clear changes in microbial composition have been observed with weaning and the introduction of cow's milk-based formula or solid foods, illnesses including viral infections and antibiotic treatment, among others [7,[23][24][25]. While intellectually intriguing, the role for each of these aspects in T1D pathogenesis remains unclear, but continues to emerge.…”

Section: Focus On Hygiene Hypothesis and Approaches To Modulating Thementioning

confidence: 99%

The intestinal microbiome in type 1 diabetes

Dunne

Triplett

Gevers

et al. 2014

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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Summary Few concepts in recent years have garnered more disease research attention than that of the intestinal (i.e. ‘gut’) microbiome. This emerging interest has included investigations of the microbiome's role in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune disorders, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Indeed, a growing number of recent studies of patients with T1D or at varying levels of risk for this disease, as well as in animal models of the disorder, lend increasing support to the notion that alterations in the microbiome precede T1D onset. Herein, we review these investigations, examining the mechanisms by which the microbiome may influence T1D development and explore how multi‐disciplinary analysis of the microbiome and the host immune response may provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic options for prevention of T1D.

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Current evidence on the associations of breastfeeding, infant formula, and cow's milk introduction with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

Cited by 86 publications

References 56 publications

Differences in breast-feeding initiation and continuation by maternal diabetes status

Differences in breast-feeding initiation and continuation by maternal diabetes status

T. gondii Infection Acquired during Pregnancy and/or after Birth may be Responsible for Development of both Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The intestinal microbiome in type 1 diabetes

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