Current European Developments in Microwave Tubes

Structure, spectra, and stability of solid bismuth carbonates

“…The onset temperature was consistently higher, 400-430°C, in a C 0 2 atmosphere, as expected. These results are consistent with Beck's differential thermal analyses of three specimens of natural bismutite (8), which showed decomposition in air to occur between about 400 and 530°C. They also parallel the second stage in the decomposition of (BiO),(OH)2C03, described above.…”

Study of ancient dolomitic mortars of the church of Santa Marı́a de Zamarce in Navarra (Spain): comparison with simulated standards

“…The authors have ascribed these peaks to the dehydration of the HY, to the loss of hydroxyl water in the HY, to the decomposition of carbonate of HY, and to the decomposition of the magnesite, respectively. These attributions of the endothermic peaks are, partly, similar to the observed ones by Webb and Krüger [21] who take into account as well a work of Beck [26] also cited by the authors.…”

“…The results of Beck [26] had already been questioned by Sawada et al [14]. The attributions of endothermic peaks made by Fiori and Macchiarola [25] are equally debatable.…”

Raman spectroscopy applied to early (ca. 1746–1754) English steatitic porcelains: a tentative study of compositions

“…The identification of the blue pigment on the surface of the pantiles as azurite provided a direct indication of firing temperatures. Dale et al [60] reported that azurite begins to decompose at about 300 • C to form black tenorite (CuO), whereas Beck [61] reported that decomposition commences at 350 • C and Kelley and De Noyer [62] stated that azurite turns blue-black at approximately 240-295 • C. Therefore the non-decomposition of the azurite would suggest a glaze firing temperature for the pantiles in the region of 300 • C. The spectrum of the 2600-3200 cm −1 region showed the presence of ν(CH) 3 symmetric and asymmetric stretching bands of aliphatic modes near 2800 cm −1 . These authors suggested that either starch or cow dung was employed as a binder.…”