Current energetic particle sensors

Fennell, J. F.; Blake, J. B.; Claudepierre, S. G.; Mazur, J. E.; Kanekal, S. G.; O’Brien, T. P.; Baker, D. N.; Crain, William R.; Mabry, D. J.; Clemmons, J. H.

doi:10.1002/2016ja022588

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The observation of pitch-angle distribution from the Van Allen Probes suggested that high-energy protons around 26.0 MeV concentrate near the magnetic equator [2]. Particle measurement of the Van Allen Probes has a gap of proton energies between 1 and 17 MeV [3] and thus we cannot make a direct comparison with our results of >6.0 MeV protons. However, observation results of the International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics Van Allen Probes were obtained at 26.0, 46.0, and 66.0 MeV, and a greater concentration near the equator was found for lower energies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Spatial Distribution of Radiation Belt Protons Deduced from Solar Cell Degradation of the Arase Satellite

Toda¹,

Miyake²,

Miyoshi³

et al. 2018

IJAA

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Analysis of solar-cell array panel (SAP) data from the Arase satellite orbiting in the inner magnetosphere showed a clear degradation of solar cells that could be attributed to trapped protons with energies greater than 6 MeV. Proton fluence was determined based on variations in the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the solar cells, which we compared with that expected based on various distribution models (AP8MAX, AP9 mean and CRRESPRO quiet) of trapped protons. We found a general agreement, confirming the major contribution of trapped protons to the degradation, as well as a slight difference in the fluence expected based on the model calculations. To minimize this difference, we slightly modified the models, and found that concentrating the energetic protons on the magnetic equator provided a better agreement. Our results indicate that >6 MeV protons also has the equatorial concentration as reported for >18 MeV protons from the Van Allen Probes observation, and are interpreted as two components of the trapped protons, i.e., those of solar energetic particle (SEP) origin have an anisotropic pitch-angle distribution and are confined near the magnetic equator.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…They are revealed for protons with energies greater than 18 MeV. Since proton measurement with the Van Allen Probes has a gap of proton energies between 1 and 17 MeV [3], properties of several to ten MeV protons have not been studied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Radiation Belt Protons Deduced from Solar Cell Degradation of the Arase Satellite

Toda¹,

Miyake²,

Miyoshi³

et al. 2018

IJAA

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“…Finally, in addition, FIREBIRD observations along with related measurements have been used to quantify the effects of electron precipitation on chemistry of the middle atmosphere (Duderstadt et al, 2021;Seppälä et al, 2018), another important consequence of space weather to the neighboring field of atmospheric science. There is broad agreement that low-resource CubeSat missions at low altitude such as FIREBIRD-II and CSSWE and others not described in this paper, such as AC6 , have advanced the science associated with energetic charged particles in Earth's magnetosphere (e.g., Fennell et al, 2016).…”

Section: Firebird-ii Science Achievementsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Achievements and Lessons Learned From Successful Small Satellite Missions for Space Weather‐Oriented Research

et al. 2022

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Increasingly, private industry as well as federal agencies in the US, including the Department of Defense (DoD), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF), are taking a serious look at CubeSats as a viable, low-cost option for space missions to help fulfill their respective needs. International agencies worldwide are also considering expanding their scientific goals with CubeSats and other small satellites (collectively, "smallsats"; in this paper, CubeSat and smallsat may be used interchangeably). We note that standardized containerization of CubeSats has proven to be one important element of the success

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“…The last column of Table 1 includes a reference for each instrument. The Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS), Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope (REPT), and Fly's Eye Energetic Particle Spectrometer (FEEPS) instruments are also compared and reviewed thoroughly by Fennell et al (2016).…”

Section: Previous Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coded Aperture Imaging for Electron Pitch Angle Observations

Reid,

Berland,

Marshall

2024

Earth and Space Science

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This study evaluates the coded aperture imaging method for pitch angle observations of magnetospheric energetic electrons in the solar, Earth, and planetary space environments. We present a review of key previous energetic electron instruments with pitch angle‐resolved observations across a range of electron energies. We describe the coded aperture imaging method, typically used for high angular resolution X‐ray and gamma ray observations, and evaluate design parameters in the context of energetic electron observations. We present the results of simulations of energetic electrons in Geant4 and evaluate the method's ability to resolve sources with high angular and temporal resolution. We also evaluate the impact of secondary radiation produced from electron interactions in the tungsten coded aperture, as well as the impact of artifacts from the decoding process. With these simulated results, we identify key areas in magnetospheric science that would benefit from high angular resolution observations of energetic electrons. We find that coded aperture imaging may be well‐suited for high‐resolution observations of intense localized structures, such as low energy (tens of eV to several keV) field‐aligned electron beams or the electron strahl wind.

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Current energetic particle sensors

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Spatial Distribution of Radiation Belt Protons Deduced from Solar Cell Degradation of the Arase Satellite

Spatial Distribution of Radiation Belt Protons Deduced from Solar Cell Degradation of the Arase Satellite

Achievements and Lessons Learned From Successful Small Satellite Missions for Space Weather‐Oriented Research

Coded Aperture Imaging for Electron Pitch Angle Observations

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