Current-driven excitation of magnetic multilayers

Slonczewski, J. C.

doi:10.1016/0304-8853(96)00062-5

Cited by 6,270 publications

(3,029 citation statements)

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“…Spin torque oscillators (STOs) 1,2 are devices in which magnetization dynamics in a thin film ferromagnet can be excited by means of the spin transfer torque (STT) effect 3,4 . Depending on the geometry and magnetic properties of the free layer, propagating spin waves (SWs) [5][6][7] , solitonic modes [8][9][10][11] , vortex gyration 12,13 , and magnetic dissipative droplets [14][15][16][17] have been observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode-coupling mechanisms in nanocontact spin-torque oscillators

et al. 2015

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Spin torque oscillators (STOs) are devices that allow for the excitation of a variety of magnetodynamical modes at the nanoscale. Depending on both external conditions and intrinsic magnetic properties, STOs can exhibit regimes of mode-hopping and even mode coexistence. Whereas modehopping has been extensively studied in STOs patterned as nanopillars, coexistence has been only recently observed for localized modes in nanocontact STOs (NC-STOs) where the current is confined to flow through a NC fabricated on an extended pseudo spin valve. By means of electrical characterization and a multi-mode STO theory, we investigate the physical origin of the mode coupling mechanisms favoring coexistence. Two coupling mechanisms are identified: (i) magnon mediated scattering and (ii) inter-mode interactions. These mechanisms can be physically disentangled by fabricating devices where the NCs have an elliptical cross-section. The generation power and linewidth from such devices are found to be in good qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions, as well as provide evidence of the dominant mode coupling mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode-coupling mechanisms in nanocontact spin-torque oscillators

et al. 2015

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“…I t has long been recognized that the spin-polarized electric current can drive the motion of spin textures via the spintransfer-torque since the original theoretical proposals 1,2 . Subsequent experimental demonstrations of this effect using the spin-valve systems and the ferromagnetic domain walls have stimulated recent active researches 3,4 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Universal current-velocity relation of skyrmion motion in chiral magnets

2013

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Current-driven motion of the magnetic domain wall in ferromagnets is attracting intense attention because of potential applications such as racetrack memory. There, the critical current density to drive the motion is B10 9 -10 12 A m À 2 . The skyrmions recently discovered in chiral magnets have much smaller critical current density of B10 5 -10 6 A m À 2 , but the microscopic mechanism is not yet explored. Here we present a numerical simulation of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, which reveals a remarkably robust and universal currentvelocity relation of the skyrmion motion driven by the spin-transfer-torque unaffected by either impurities or nonadiabatic effect in sharp contrast to the case of domain wall or spin helix. Simulation results are analysed using a theory based on Thiele's equation, and it is concluded that this behaviour is due to the Magnus force and flexible shape-deformation of individual skyrmions and skyrmion crystal, which enable them to avoid pinning centres.

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“…1(a)), assuming that the dynamic magnetization in the STNO free layer is spatially uniform. In the framework of these "macrospin" simulations we performed numerical integration of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation [19], where the Slonczewski spin torque term [20], as well as the Gaussian white noise term simulating the influence of thermal fluctuations [21], were included. In Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%