Current diagnostic tools and management modalities of Nocardia keratitis

Soleimani, Mohammad; Masoumi, Ahmad; Khodavaisy, Sadegh; Heidari, Mostafa; Haydar, Ali A.; Izadi, Alireza

doi:10.1186/s12348-020-00228-w

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The diagnosis of corneal ulcer caused by Nocardia spp. is often misdiagnosed and delayed, resulting in inappropriate treatment and complications [5]. However, in the present case, we diagnosed the Gram staining and weak acid-fast bacilli on the first day of staining.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The fullthickness infiltrates wreath patterns with a persistent epithelial defect with white stromal opacities. The wreath pattern suggests a Nocardial infection of the corneal [4]. The diagnosis of corneal ulcer caused by Nocardia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, the delay in diagnosis and treatment can cause irreversible cornea scarring, and surgical management could be required. Keratoplasty and conjunctival flaps are the surgical options for the treatment of scarring the cornea [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostics and Clinical Care of Nocardia Keratitis

MALİK¹,

AKHTAR²,

BHİNDER³

et al. 2022

Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Nocardia species are obligate aerobic, partially acid-fast, gram-positive bacilli, leading to ophthalmological complications. Because of infrequent presentation and variable clinical pictures of Nocardia corneal ulcers are easily misdiagnosed. We present here an ophthalmological and microbiological tied-in case of a 45-year-old male patient with Nocardial keratitis from Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. A 45-year-old male patient presented with a corneal ulcer in the right eye, complaining of orbital pain, photophobia, and visual impairment. Based on microbiological findings suggesting Nocardia spp. growth, the patient was treated with Amikacin. Following this, the corneal ulcer was completely recovered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Diagnostics and Clinical Care of Nocardia Keratitis

MALİK¹,

AKHTAR²,

BHİNDER³

et al. 2022

Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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“…Amikacin is an aminoglycoside most commonly administered intravenously and intramuscularly, yet other routes are also utilized, such as intrathecal, intraventricular, topical, and inhaled 8 , 17 , 18 . In our quest to identify compounds that inhibit the AAC(6′)-Ib amikacin-disabling action, we recently found that various cations effectively interfere with the enzymatic inactivation 11 , 12 , 19 – 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amikacin potentiator activity of zinc complexed to a pyrithione derivative with enhanced solubility

Magallón

Reeves

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Resistance to amikacin in Gram-negatives is usually mediated by the 6'-N-acetyltransferase type Ib [AAC(6')-Ib], which catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl CoA to the 6' position of the antibiotic molecule. A path to continue the effective use of amikacin against resistant infections is to combine it with inhibitors of the inactivating reaction. We have recently observed that addition of Zn2+ to in-vitro enzymatic reactions, obliterates acetylation of the acceptor antibiotic. Furthermore, when added to amikacin-containing culture medium in complex to ionophores such as pyrithione (ZnPT), it prevents the growth of resistant strains. An undesired property of ZnPT is its poor water-solubility, a problem that currently affects a large percentage of newly designed drugs. Water-solubility helps drugs to dissolve in body fluids and be transported to the target location. We tested a pyrithione derivative described previously (Magda et al. Cancer Res 68:5318–5325, 2008) that contains the amphoteric group di(ethyleneglycol)-methyl ether at position 5 (compound 5002), a modification that enhances the solubility. Compound 5002 in complex with zinc (Zn5002) was tested to assess growth inhibition of amikacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in the presence of the antibiotic. Zn5002 complexes in combination with amikacin at different concentrations completely inhibited growth of the tested strains. However, the concentrations needed to achieve growth inhibition were higher than those required to achieve the same results using ZnPT. Time-kill assays showed that the effect of the combination amikacin/Zn5002 was bactericidal. These results indicate that derivatives of pyrithione with enhanced water-solubility, a property that would make them drugs with better bioavailability and absorption, are a viable option for designing inhibitors of the resistance to amikacin mediated by AAC(6')-Ib, an enzyme commonly found in the clinics.

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“…Amikacin is an aminoglycoside most commonly administered intravenously and intramuscularly, yet other routes are also utilized, such as intrathecal, intraventricular, topical, and inhaled 8,17,18 . In our quest to identify compounds that inhibit the AAC(6′)-Ib amikacin-disabling action, we recently found that various cations effectively interfere with the enzymatic inactivation 11,12,[19][20][21] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amikacin potentiator activity of zinc complexed to a pyrithione derivative with enhanced solubility

Magallón

Reeves

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Resistance to amikacin in Gram-negatives is usually mediated by the 6'-N-acetyltransferase type Ib [AAC(6')-Ib], which catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl CoA to the 6' position of the antibiotic molecule. A path to continue the effective use of amikacin against resistant infections is to combine it with inhibitors of the inactivating reaction. We have recently observed that addition of Zn2+ to in-vitro enzymatic reactions, obliterates acetylation of the acceptor antibiotic. Furthermore, when added to amikacin-containing culture medium in complex to ionophores such as pyrithione (ZnPT), it prevents the growth of resistant strains. An undesired property of ZnPT is its poor water-solubility, a problem that currently affects a large percentage of newly designed drugs. Water-solubility helps drugs to dissolve in body fluids and be transported to the target location. We tested a pyrithione derivative described previously (Magda et al. Cancer Res. 2008, 68:5318-5325) that contains the amphoteric group di(ethyleneglycol)-methyl ether at position 5 (compound 5002), a modification that enhances the solubility. Compound 5002 in complex with zinc (Zn5002) was tested to assess growth inhibition of amikacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in the presence of the antibiotic. Zn5002 complexes in combination with amikacin at different concentrations completely inhibited growth of the tested strains. However, the concentrations needed to achieve growth inhibition were higher than those required to achieve the same results using ZnPT. Time-kill assays showed that the effect of the combination amikacin/Zn5002 was bactericidal. These results indicate that derivatives of pyrithione with enhanced water-solubility, a property that would make them drugs with better bioavailability and absorption, are a viable option for designing inhibitors of the resistance to amikacin mediated by AAC(6')-Ib, an enzyme commonly found in the clinics.

show abstract

Current diagnostic tools and management modalities of Nocardia keratitis

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Diagnostics and Clinical Care of Nocardia Keratitis

Diagnostics and Clinical Care of Nocardia Keratitis

Amikacin potentiator activity of zinc complexed to a pyrithione derivative with enhanced solubility

Amikacin potentiator activity of zinc complexed to a pyrithione derivative with enhanced solubility

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