Current Diagnostic Methods for HIV

Tavakoli, Ahmad; Niya, Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie; Keshavarz, Mohsen; Ghaffari, Hadi; Asoodeh, Amir; Monavari, Seyed Hamidreza; Keyvani, Hossein

doi:10.2217/fvl-2016-0096

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Selective detection schemes require sensor molecules, such as antibodies, , enzymes, , or aptamers, , that are specific for binding and detecting one analyte. Such systems have strong commercial successes in pregnancy tests, , HIV diagnostic systems, , and glucose monitoring equipment, , all of which require specificity for one analyte. However, since most analytes share similar structural features with a large range of other molecules, identifying a sensor that binds only a single target analyte is often impractical, and sensitive detection can be the most feasible option.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supramolecular Luminescent Sensors

2018

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There is great need for stand-alone luminescence-based chemosensors that exemplify selectivity, sensitivity, and applicability and that overcome the challenges that arise from complex, real-world media. Discussed herein are recent developments toward these goals in the field of supramolecular luminescent chemosensors, including macrocycles, polymers, and nanomaterials. Specific focus is placed on the development of new macrocycle hosts since 2010, coupled with considerations of the underlying principles of supramolecular chemistry as well as analytes of interest and common luminophores. State-of-the-art developments in the fields of polymer and nanomaterial sensors are also examined, and some remaining unsolved challenges in the area of chemosensors are discussed. CONTENTS 4.4. Explosives 4.5. Pharmaceutical Agents 4.6. Biologically Relevant 4.6.1. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supramolecular Luminescent Sensors

2018

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“…On the other hand, HIV is a retrovirus that attacks a patient's immune system, causing an inability to resist many diseases, and culminating in death when the person is not under drug control. Clinical treatments for HIV are crucial for reducing mortality, but early diagnosis saves many lives as well and can decrease spread rates [193][194][195]. Shafiee et al worked on a photonic crystal biosensor to detect multiple HIV-1 subtypes (A, B, and D) upon binding of the biological analyte with the biosensor [196].…”

Section: Viral Pathogen Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensors for the Detection of Bacterial and Viral Clinical Pathogens

Henríquez

Brenes-Acuña

Castro-Rojas

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Biosensors are measurement devices that can sense several biomolecules, and are widely used for the detection of relevant clinical pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, showing outstanding results. Because of the latent existing risk of facing another pandemic like the one we are living through due to COVID-19, researchers are constantly looking forward to developing new technologies for diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by different bacteria and viruses. Regarding that, nanotechnology has improved biosensors’ design and performance through the development of materials and nanoparticles that enhance their affinity, selectivity, and efficacy in detecting these pathogens, such as employing nanoparticles, graphene quantum dots, and electrospun nanofibers. Therefore, this work aims to present a comprehensive review that exposes how biosensors work in terms of bacterial and viral detection, and the nanotechnological features that are contributing to achieving a faster yet still efficient COVID-19 diagnosis at the point-of-care.

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“…The use of immunoassays to detect viral agents still remains quite common and has been reviewed in detail elsewhere. − The focus here is a brief overview of some recent advances with mostly ELISA-based methods and some remaining issues with this approach. Very specific detection through sandwich ELISA (sELISA) for different viruses is typically achieved through the use of monoclonal antibodies.…”

Section: Biochemical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Biothreat Agents: From Current Diagnostics to Developing Sensor Technologies

et al. 2018

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Although a fundamental understanding of the pathogenicity of most biothreat agents has been elucidated and available treatments have increased substantially over the past decades, they still represent a significant public health threat in this age of (bio)terrorism, indiscriminate warfare, pollution, climate change, unchecked population growth, and globalization. The key step to almost all prevention, protection, prophylaxis, post-exposure treatment, and mitigation of any bioagent is early detection. Here, we review available methods for detecting bioagents including pathogenic bacteria and viruses along with their toxins. An introduction placing this subject in the historical context of previous naturally occurring outbreaks and efforts to weaponize selected agents is first provided along with definitions and relevant considerations. An overview of the detection technologies that find use in this endeavor along with how they provide data or transduce signal within a sensing configuration follows. Current "gold" standards for biothreat detection/diagnostics along with a listing of relevant FDA approved in vitro diagnostic devices is then discussed to provide an overview of the current state of the art. Given the 2014 outbreak of Ebola virus in Western Africa and the recent 2016 spread of Zika virus in the Americas, discussion of what constitutes a public health emergency and how new in vitro diagnostic devices are authorized for emergency use in the U.S. are also included. The majority of the Review is then subdivided around the sensing of bacterial, viral, and toxin biothreats with each including an overview of the major agents in that class, a detailed cross-section of different sensing methods in development based on assay format or analytical technique, and some discussion of related microfluidic lab-on-a-chip/point-of-care devices. Finally, an outlook is given on how this field will develop from the perspective of the biosensing technology itself and the new emerging threats they may face.

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Current Diagnostic Methods for HIV

Cited by 12 publications

References 99 publications

Supramolecular Luminescent Sensors

Supramolecular Luminescent Sensors

Biosensors for the Detection of Bacterial and Viral Clinical Pathogens

Detecting Biothreat Agents: From Current Diagnostics to Developing Sensor Technologies

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