Current Diagnosis and Treatment Approach to Sepsis

Abstract

Sepsis is a major healthcare problem worldwide. Its mortality and morbidity is still high. Early diagnosis of sepsis and appropriate management in the initial hours improve outcomes. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign published new definitions for sepsis in 2016. In Sepsis-3 definitions, sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Organ dysfunction can be identified as an acute change in total SOFA score of at least two points consequent to the infection. However, this definition is endorsed by two international societies and there is much discussion regarding new definitions. Prospective validation of this definition on different levels is needed. The infectious source in sepsis depends on patients' underlying diseases and origin of the infection (community-acquired or healthcare-associated). In the literature, urinary tract and skin-soft tissue infection are the common sites in community-acquired sepsis, whereas respiratory system and intraabdominal infections are more common in nosocomial sepsis. Another challenge in sepsis management is the increasing incidence of sepsis due to multidrugresistant bacteria and limited treatment options. New antibiotics may be treatment options in the future. In this review, current definitions of sepsis, physiopathology of sepsis, foci of sepsis and causative microorganisms, microbiological diagnosis and rapid diagnosis methods, biomarkers used in the diagnosis of sepsis, antimicrobial treatment and resistance, new antibiotics and non-antibiotic therapy are discussed.

Importance of Source Control in the Subgroup of Intra-Abdominal Infections for Septic Shock Patients: Analysis of 390 Cases.

“…Sepsis and septic shock are important global health problems causing significant mortality and morbidity rates. 1 – 3 Fast and proper management of septic shock is important in terms of patient survival. Proper management includes early initiation of the antibiotics after the microbial cultures/testing, as well as prompt infectious source control.…”

Antiseptic Effect of Ps-K18: Mechanism of Its Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

“…With the emergence of MDR Gram-negative bacteria and the failure of most new antibiotics in clinical trials, the development of new antibiotics has great importance in Gram-negative sepsis treatment [17]. Sepsis, a disease caused by bacterial infections, still has a high mortality rate of 35%–45% despite advances in antibiotic development and early targeted treatments [18,19].…”