Current diagnosis and image-guided reduction for intussusception in children

Abstract

Intussusception involves an invagination of the proximal bowel into the distal bowel, with ileocolic intussusception being the most common type. However, a diagnostic delay can lead to intestinal ischemia, bowel infarction, or even death; therefore, its early diagnosis and management are important. The primary role of abdominal radiography is to detect pneumoperitoneum or high-grade bowel obstruction in cases of suspected intussusception, and ultrasonography is the modality of choice for its diagnosis. Non-operative enema reduction, the treatment of choice for childhood intussusception in cases without signs of perforation or peritonitis, can be safely performed with a success rate of 82%. Enema reduction can be performed in various ways according to image guidance method (fluoroscopy or ultrasonography) and reduction medium (liquid or air). Successful enema reduction is less likely to be achieved in children with a longer symptom duration, younger age, lethargy, fever, bloody diarrhea, unfavorable radiologic findings (small bowel obstruction, trapped fluid, ascites, absence of flow in the intussusception, intussusception in the left-sided colon), and pathological lead points. This review highlights the current concepts of intussusception diagnosis, nonsurgical enema reduction, success rates, predictors of failed enema reduction, complications, and recurrence to guide general pediatricians in the management of childhood intussusception.

Valoración de la aplicabilidad clínica y de la rentabilidad diagnóstica de un panel de biomarcadores en sangre periférica en la apendicitis aguda pediátrica

“…El diagnóstico diferencial que hay que considerar ante un caso de abdomen agudo pediátrico incluye entidades que son más prevalentes en el niño que en el adulto, como el vólvulo intestinal secundario a la malrotación [41], patología asociada a un divertículo de Meckel (sangrado, perforación y diverticulitis) [42] o la invaginación intestinal [43].…”