Current Diabetes Technology: Striving for the Artificial Pancreas

Abstract

Diabetes technology has continually evolved over the years to improve quality of life and ease of care for affected patients. Frequent blood glucose (BG) checks and multiple daily insulin injections have become standard of care in Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) management. Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) allow patients to observe and discern trends in their glycemic control. These devices improve quality of life for parents and caregivers with preset alerts for hypoglycemia. Insulin pumps have continued to improve and innovate since their emergence into the market. Hybrid closed-loop systems have harnessed the data gathered with CGM use to aid in basal insulin dosing and hypoglycemia prevention. As technology continues to progress, patients will likely have to enter less and less information into their pump system manually. In the future, we will likely see a system that requires no manual patient input and allows users to eat throughout the day without counting carbohydrates or entering in any blood sugars. As technology continues to advance, endocrinologists and diabetes providers need to stay current to better guide their patients in optimal use of emerging management tools.

What Training, Support, and Resourcing Do Health Professionals Need to Support People Using a Closed-Loop System? A Qualitative Interview Study with Health Professionals Involved in the Closed Loop from Onset in Type 1 Diabetes (CLOuD) Trial

“…This should include competency assessments and formal accredited options, which (for quality assurance) have been endorsed by relevant learned organizations. Given the range of commercial closed-loop systems about to enter the market, 1 training for health professionals should also include up-to-date guidance on available models and their suitability for different types of users. To facilitate experiential learning, we recommend that device manufacturers provide demonstration systems to help health professionals understand closed-loop system functionality and modes of use.…”

“…The first hybrid closed-loop system is now commercially available in the United States and Europe, and several more systems are expected to be launched within the year. 1 The absence of available approved commercial systems has also prompted the use of do-it-yourself closedloop systems, presenting health care professionals with additional ethical, regulatory, and practical challenges. 2 To support rollout, it is important to learn from the perspectives and experiences of those who have already used, or supported the use of, closed-loop systems.…”

Neural Physiological Model: A Simple Module for Blood Glucose Prediction

“…However, innovative wearable medical devices are changing the standard of diabetes care. Several studies in literature have shown that continuous glucose monitors (CGM) and insulin pumps are useful to achieve better management of diabetes [5]- [7]. Given that CGMs and insulin pumps often work in isolation, significant research is being committed to develop closed-loop systems (i.e.…”

A Method to Detect Type 1 Diabetes Based on Physical Activity Measurements Using a Mobile Device

“…Too late of a diagnosis of diabetes in childhood can lead to serious changes, such as destruction of blood vessels, visual disturbances, and problems with the nervous system and kidneys. Very serious diabetes, having been unrecognized for a long time, may endanger children's lives; therefore, extraordinary vigilance should be maintained while observing children, in order to react in time to the first signals of the disease [9,10].…”