Current Developments of Carbon Capture Storage and/or Utilization–Looking for Net-Zero Emissions Defined in the Paris Agreement

Abstract

An essential line of worldwide research towards a sustainable energy future is the materials and processes for carbon dioxide capture and storage. Energy from fossil fuels combustion always generates carbon dioxide, leading to a considerable environmental concern with the values of CO2 produced in the world. The increase in emissions leads to a significant challenge in reducing the quantity of this gas in the atmosphere. Many research areas are involved solving this problem, such as process engineering, materials science, chemistry, waste management, and politics and public engagement. To decrease this problem, green and efficient solutions have been extensively studied, such as Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) processes. In 2015, the Paris Agreement was established, wherein the global temperature increase limit of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels was defined as maximum. To achieve this goal, a global balance between anthropogenic emissions and capture of greenhouse gases in the second half of the 21st century is imperative, i.e., net-zero emissions. Several projects and strategies have been implemented in the existing systems and facilities for greenhouse gas reduction, and new processes have been studied. This review starts with the current data of CO2 emissions to understand the need for drastic reduction. After that, the study reviews the recent progress of CCUS facilities and the implementation of climate-positive solutions, such as Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage and Direct Air Capture. Future changes in industrial processes are also discussed.

MIL-101(Cr) Polymeric Fiber Adsorbents for Sub-Ambient Post-Combustion CO2 Capture

“…29−31 A wide range of structures have been produced and had their potential studied for application toward challenging separation processes, including CO 2 capture. CALF-20, 32 [Zn 2 (1,2,4triazolate) 2 (oxalate)], has shown excellent potential for application to post-combustion CO 2 capture due to a number of factors, including selectivity for CO 2 over water vapor at moderate relative humidity and cyclic stability under steam sweep. Incorporation of amine structures, whether through coordination of amines to available open metal sites or physical impregnation of amines into large pore MOF structures, has also drawn interest.…”

“…Adsorptive separations, either pressure swing adsorption (PSA), temperature swing adsorption (TSA), or a combination of the two, offers an interesting path for post-combustion CO 2 capture. − A wide range of work has been done in the past few years to enable more efficient CO 2 capture in areas including process design, optimization, and materials synthesis. − An interesting component of all of these areas of development has been the formation of alternative structured adsorbents to the traditional pellet-packed bed to explore opportunities to augment performance. Fiber adsorbents, along with honeycomb monoliths, laminate sheets, and 3D printed structures produced via additive manufacturing, offer reduced pressure drops and opportunities for more efficient heart management to better utilize many of the new and existing adsorbent materials being developed. − A few adsorbent materials have been successfully manufactured into fiber sorbents, including Zeolites X and Y, metal–organic frameworks including UiO-66 and ZIF-8, solid supported amines, and porous organic cages. ,− This class of structured adsorbents shows especially high potential for their ability to both passively and actively manage heat in PSA and TSA applications either through the modification of the bore of the fiber or the incorporation of passive heat managing additives. − Low pressure drops and ability to manage the deleterious effects of thermal swings in the fixed bed can help to augment performance with improved transport and energetics …”

Prediction of Stirling-Cycle-Based Heat Pump Performance and Environmental Footprint with Exergy Analysis and LCA

“…The need for sustainable energy solutions has never been more important than today [1]. Our current energy infrastructure and use patterns are unsustainable.…”

Special Issue “CO2 Capture and Renewable Energy”

“…This book contains the successful submissions [1][2][3][4][5][6] to the Special Issue of Energies on the wide subject area of "CO 2 Capture and Renewable Energy".…”

“…The developments in the wider area of CCUS are reviewed by Regufe et al [3]. The authors frame the need for CCUS with the historic evolution and the latest data regarding CO 2 emissions.…”