Current developments in esterification reaction: A review on process and parameters

Tandem Transesterification–Esterification Reactions Using a Hydrophilic Sulfonated Silica Catalyst for the Synthesis of Wintergreen Oil from Acetylsalicylic Acid Promoted by Microwave Irradiation

“…Esterification reactions are reported with various homogeneous acid catalysts, such as HCl, H 2 SO 4 , HF, and H 3 PO 4 . However, these methods have drawbacks, such as the generation of undesired inorganic salts, hazardous conditions, difficulty in catalyst recovery, and limited reusability [ 23 , 24 ].…”

“…The ASA easily absorbs humidity, and intramolecular catalysis leads to the formation of acetic acid and salicylic acid (Equation (1)) [ 24 ]. Therefore, the ASA was purified by recrystallization using aqueous ethanol prior to use.…”

Accelerated Non-Enzymatic Fatty Acid Esterification during Microdroplet Collision: A Method for Enhanced Sustainability

“…Despite decade-long advancements in synthetic procedures for the esterification reaction, an ester C−O bond formation 4 has always been a challenge chemically. 5 One of the major limitations is that a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol is energetically unfavorable due to the low reactivity of the functional groups, and they are altered conventionally by using acid anhydrides 6 or acid chlorides 7 or by adding strong inorganic acids to activate the electrophilic C-center of the carboxylic acid. 8,9 Some of the classic examples are Fischer, 10 Steglich, 11 and Yamaguchi esterification reactions.…”

Expedient approach for trans-esterification of β-keto esters under solvent free conditions using silica supported boric acid (SiO2–H3BO3) as a recyclable catalyst

“…The poor solubility of most of the carboxylic acids in organic solvents and lower reactivity of alcohols limits the direct synthesis of esters using coupling agents or other catalysts. 2 Since methyl or ethyl esters are commercially available they serve conveniently as starting materials for higher esters via the trans-esterification process. 3 On the other hand molecules containing multiple reactive sites of electrophilic and nucleophilic nature are valuable and effective species for natural product synthesis, and synthesis of pharmaceutically active products and agro-chemicals.…”