Current developments and future outlook in nanofluid flooding: A comprehensive review of various parameters influencing oil recovery mechanisms

Experimental Investigation of Polymer-Coated Silica Nanoparticles for EOR under Harsh Reservoir Conditions of High Temperature and Salinity

“…This indicates that the wetting properties and the binding energy of the NPs to the oil/water interface increase with temperature. This has been attributed to the intensification of Brownian motion, which increases the particle collision and reduces intermolecular interactions between oil/water [ 26 ]. However, the displacement of oil at elevated temperature still has a multiple effect on IFT, the formation of aggregates/agglomerates of NPs, the loss of NPs at the interface and the inhibition of NPs from performing their designated surface functions at the interfaces and compete for poor performance of nanoparticles.…”

“…The size distribution of the generated emulsions was not determined to compare with pore-throat sizes; however, Arab et al [ 42 ] explain that oil drops created and stabilized by tiny NPs are small and possess a considerably lower viscosity than oil drops. Herewith, nanoparticle-stabilized emulsions, owing to their small size, can travel more easily through tiny reservoir rock pores with minimal retention, improved kinetic stability and negligible gravitational separation, resulting in increased oil recovery [ 8 , 23 , 26 , 43 ]. This profile mechanism (stabilisation of emulsions) probably occurred thanks to the polymer shells, as they temporarily prevented the coalescence of the oil drops.…”

“…Nanoparticles can also adsorb onto oil/water interface and decrease the interfacial tension between the two phases. For this, the NPs form a mono-layer that replaces the existing oil/water interface, acting as a mechanical barrier and bring the two phases together [ 26 ]. Moreover, depending on the hydrophobicity nature of NPs, they can irreversibly adsorb to the oil/water interface.…”

Displacement of oil by SiO2-nanofluid from a microporous medium: microfluidic experiments

“…Currently, methods for improving oil recovery are being actively investigated. One of the most relevant and promising methods for improving oil recovery is nanofluid flooding [1][2][3][4]. A nanofluid means a dispersed system consisting of a carrier liquid (for example, water) and nanoparticles [5].…”

Experimental Investigation of Polymer-Coated Silica Nanoparticles for EOR under Harsh Reservoir Conditions of High Temperature and Salinity

“…Nanoparticles can also adsorb onto oil/water interface and decrease the interfacial tension between the two phases. For this, the NPs form a monolayer that replaces the existing oil/water interface, acting as a mechanical barrier and bring the two phases together [26]. Moreover, depending on the hydrophobicity nature of NPs, they can irreversibly adsorb to the oil/water interface.…”