Current Concepts in Penile Cancer

Spiess, Philippe E.; Horenblas, Simon; Pagliaro, Lance C.; Biagioli, Matthew C.; Crook, Juanita; Clark, Peter E.; Greenberg, Richard E.; Ercole, Cesar E.

doi:10.6004/jnccn.2013.0076

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The prevalence of the virus in males has been reported to be between 3.6% and 84%, depending on socioeconomic status [5,6]. Penile cancer represents 0.4% to 0.6% of all malignant tumors in developed countries, such as the United States and European countries, and more than 10% of all malignant tumors in developing countries, such as those in Asia, Africa and South America [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human papillomavirus in penile malignant tumors: viral genotyping and clinical aspects

Sousa

Vidal

et al. 2015

BMC Urol

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BackgroundThe human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in males has been reported to be between 3.6% and 84%, depending specially on the socioeconomic status. HPV infection has been related as a risk factor for penile cancer. This is a rare tumor, and other risk factors include lack of personal hygiene and men who have not undergone circumcision. Penile cancer is less than 1% of cancers in men in the United States, however, is much more common in some parts of Asia, Africa, and South America, where it accounts for up to 10% of cancers in men. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV-DNA in penile cancers in São Luís, Brazil and to correlate the virus presence to histopathological factors.MethodsTumor paraffin samples of 76 patients with penile carcinoma were tested in order to establish the prevalence and distribution of genotypic HPV using PCR/Nested and automated sequencing. To evaluate the association between HPV types and other clinical and morphological variables, a nonparametric ANOVA was performed using a Kruskal Wallis test, and statistical significance was determined to a value of p < 0.05.ResultsThe average age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 66 years ± 17.10. Regarding location, 65.79% of the tumors were located in the glans, and the most common types were vegetative (34.21%) and squamous (98.68%). Most of the lesions ranged in size from 2.1 to 5.0 cm, presenting Jackson I stage and Broders II degree. It was observed that 32 patients had at least one invaded and/or infiltrated structure. Lymph node involvement was observed in 19.76% of the patients, and 21.05% showed an inflammatory process. In the molecular evaluation, HPV infection was observed in 63.15% of the lesions, and the most common type was HPV 16.ConclusionsFrom the statistical analysis, it can be verified that the variables were not associated with infection by the HPV virus. Although penile cancer can result from various risk factors that act in synergy, an HPV virus infection is important for the development of such neoplasm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human papillomavirus in penile malignant tumors: viral genotyping and clinical aspects

Sousa

Vidal

et al. 2015

BMC Urol

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“…92 The involvement of inguinal lymph nodes in patients with penile cancer remains the single most important prognostic factor, and the benefits of early versus delayed inguinal lymph node dissection have been established. 93,94 Similarly, the indication for conducting an inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) in the absence of palpable inguinal lymphadenopathy has been strongly correlated with pathological findings of the primary penile tumor. Patients with pathologic T1 (pT1) tumors that are high grade or have the presence of lymphovascular invasion and patients with pT2 to pT4 tumors currently are recommended for ILND.…”

Section: Clinical Updates In Penile Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiological basis of human papillomavirus in penile cancer: Key to prevention and delivery of more effective therapies

Spiess

Dhillon

Baumgarten

et al. 2016

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

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Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis is a rare malignancy in the United States, with a significantly higher incidence-up to 20 to 30 times greater-in areas of Africa and South America. This can be explained in part by the significantly greater prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among high-risk males often having unprotected sex with multiple sexual partners. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated as the infectious pathway by which several these penile neoplasms originate from precursor lesions. In this regard, a fundamental understanding of HPV in penile carcinogenesis can have meaningful implications in understanding 1) the diagnosis of HPV-related precursor penile lesions, 2) targeting HPV-specific molecular pathways, and 3) cancer prevention. Using vaccination programs not only may improve patient outcomes but also may minimize the need for highly aggressive and often debilitating surgical resection. CA Cancer J Clin 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

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“…There are several benign lesions like syphilitic chancre, chancroid and lichen planus amongst others which can mimic penile cancer and these need to be differentiated from malignant and pre-malignant penile lesions [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penile Cancer in Liberia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Ikpi¹,

Konneh²,

Yunusa³

et al. 2018

Health

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Background: Penile cancer is uncommon in Liberia with no record of its occurrence so far in the literature. Its occurrence worldwide is significantly affected by cultural or religious practices like childhood circumcision. Smoking, poor penile hygiene and inflammatory processes in the presence of smegma increase the risk of its occurrence. Objective: To review the first case of penile cancer treated in Liberia. Materials and Method: Case report. Case Presentation/Report: Our index patient is a 65-year old man referred from a peripheral centre in acute urinary retention. He also presented with a year history of progressively expanding ulcerative penile lesion affecting the glans and penile shaft. Local examination of the genitalia revealed an ulcerated lesion extending from the glans up to the mid shaft of the penis. The peno-bulbar urethra was free of induration. The external urethral meatus was infiltrated by the lesion. The scrotum and testes were normal and digital rectal examination revealed a moderately enlarged benign prostate. Bilateral inguinal lymph node enlargement was elicited. A diagnosis of advanced penile cancer with benign prostatic hyperplasia was made. The patient had partial penectomy, reconstruction of new external urethral meatus and inguinal lymphadenectomy. The specimen was histologically confirmed to be Squamous cell Carcinoma of the penis; the resection margins and lymph nodes biopsied were found to be adequate and tumor free respectively. Patient's post operative recovery was uneventful and he was discharged after a week. His follow up status after 6 months has remained satisfactory. Conclusion: Though rare, penile cancer does occur in Liberia and specialist staff with capacity for diagnosing and surgical intervention remains critical to patients' outcome. Early intervention improves the chances of better outcome; counseling is critical to prevent treated patient lapsing into depression.

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Current Concepts in Penile Cancer

Cited by 24 publications

References 60 publications

Prevalence of human papillomavirus in penile malignant tumors: viral genotyping and clinical aspects

Prevalence of human papillomavirus in penile malignant tumors: viral genotyping and clinical aspects

Pathophysiological basis of human papillomavirus in penile cancer: Key to prevention and delivery of more effective therapies

Penile Cancer in Liberia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

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