Current Concepts in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Silicosis and Its Subtypes

Salahuddin, Mohammad; Cawasji, Zain; Kaur, Saranjit; Estrada‐Y‐Martin, Rosa M.; Cherian, Sujith V.

doi:10.1007/s13665-021-00279-x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Fatigue is a major symptom of silicosis [ 47 ]. It significantly affects the work efficiency and quality of life of patients and has become a severe health hazard in occupational diseases worldwide [ 48 ]. The microbiota produce various mediators that can travel in distant ways and affect the health of the host negatively or positively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and mycobiota in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of silicosis patients

Xie

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2023

J Occup Med Toxicol

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Background The contribution of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) microbiota and mycobiota to silicosis has recently been noticed. However, many confounding factors can influence the accuracy of BALF microbiota and mycobiota studies, resulting in inconsistencies in the published results. In this cross-sectional study, we systematically investigated the effects of “sampling in different rounds of BALF” on its microbiota and mycobiota. We further explored the relationship between silicosis fatigue and the microbiota and mycobiota. Methods After obtaining approval from the ethics board, we collected 100 BALF samples from 10 patients with silicosis. Demographic data, clinical information, and blood test results were also collected from each patient. The characteristics of the microbiota and mycobiota were defined using next-generation sequencing. However, no non-silicosis referent group was examined, which was a major limitation of this study. Results Our analysis indicated that subsampling from different rounds of BALF did not affect the alpha- and beta-diversities of microbial and fungal communities when the centrifuged BALF sediment was sufficient for DNA extraction. In contrast, fatigue status significantly influenced the beta-diversity of microbes and fungi (Principal Coordinates Analysis, P = 0.001; P = 0.002). The abundance of Vibrio alone could distinguish silicosis patients with fatigue from those without fatigue (area under the curve = 0.938, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.870–1.000). Significant correlations were found between Vibrio and haemoglobin levels (P < 0.001, ρ = -0.64). Conclusions Sampling in different rounds of BALF showed minimal effect on BALF microbial and fungal diversities; the first round of BALF collection was recommended for microbial and fungal analyses for convenience. In addition, Vibrio may be a potential biomarker for silicosis fatigue screening.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and mycobiota in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of silicosis patients

Xie

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2023

J Occup Med Toxicol

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“…Silicosis is a chronic, irreversible and fibrotic lung disease caused by exposure to respirable silica dust (silicon dioxide) [ 3 ]. It is more prevalent in males and in those who are working in mining, sandblasting, construction and metal casting [ 6 ]. Concentration of silica dust inhaled and duration of exposure remain the primary risk factors for pathogenicity although age at first exposure(>30 years), Smoking, HIV infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and migration also seem to play a role [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on chronicity of exposure, Silicosis can be categorized as acute, developed after an exposure to heavy amounts of silica over a few weeks to a few years or chronic that develops after exposure to low amounts of silica over an extended period of time usually after 2 decades. Accelerated Silicosis is similar to chronic silicosis in terms of exposure but differs in that there is faster progression to pulmonary fibrosis usually after a 5–10 year period [ 6 , 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals with Silicosis have a higher likelihood of developing autoimmune disorders like Rheumatoid arthritis and SLE as well as Sarcoidosis, Hypertension, Chronic Kidney disease, Scleroderma, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Pneumothorax and opportunistic infections like Aspergillosis [ 6 , 12 ]. Tuberculosis has a relative risk between 1.5 and 3 in patients with Silicosis and a risk of developing cavitating lesions are still present with any chronic exposure to silica dust even after the exposure has stopped [ 6 , 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uncomplicated Silicosis does not decrease the life expectancy but complications like progressive massive fibrosis, infections, Cor Pulmonale, Pneumothorax may deteriorate the clinical condition [ 18 ]. Repeated lung injury and subsequent oxygen free radical release has been thought to be the cause of increased prevalence of lung cancer in patients with chronic silica exposure [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystalline silica is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth. More than 230 million individuals around the world, and more than 2 million workers in the United States, predominantly in construction and mining occupations, are exposed to silica every year. Inhalation of crystalline silica leads to the development of silicosis, a progressive pneumoconiosis characterized by chronic lung inflammation and fibrosis, for which no specific therapy is available. Silicosis is also associated with increased risk of tuberculosis, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), kidney disease, and autoimmune disease. These health risks remain elevated even after silica exposure has ceased. Although preventive measures have decreased the mortality attributable to silica exposure in the past decade, this occupational lung disease still kills about 100 people every year in the United States, according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Between 1999 and 2013, silicosis was the underlying or contributing cause of death for about 2000 people, and 300 deaths occurred each year between 1991 and 1995, while it decreased to about 100 per year in 2012 and 2013. Data from NIOSH show that a large number of workers are at increased risk for silicosis because of exposure to silica levels that exceed current regulatory standards. Therefore, regulatory agencies have been forced to further reduce the permissible exposure levels (PEL) to 25 μg/m 3 (micrograms of silica per cubic meter of air) over an 8‐h shift, to improve prophylaxis. Despite these efforts, silicosis remains a global health threat.

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Current Concepts in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Silicosis and Its Subtypes

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Microbiota and mycobiota in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of silicosis patients

Microbiota and mycobiota in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of silicosis patients

A rare case of silicosis with hepatitis B infection

Silica and Silica Compounds

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