Current Collectors for Positive Electrodes of Lithium-Based Batteries

Whitehead, Adam; Schreiber, M.

doi:10.1149/1.2039587

Cited by 129 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…The increase in R Al (Figure 11a) could be explained by the growing of resistive surface layers between aluminum and carbon particles. From 4.0 V and above an AlF 3 surface layer will form on aluminum which fits with the increase in the slope above 4.3 V. 26,27 A decrease in C Al (Figure 11c) after 4.8 V supports that an interphase layer is formed. A formation of an AlF 3 layer will lead to an increase of the thickness of double layer and to a reduction of dielectric constant ε (EC and DEC have ε equal to 89.6 and 3.12 respectively, while AlF 3 has a ε equal to 2.2 38 ).…”

Section: 13supporting

confidence: 63%

Analysis of the Interphase on Carbon Black Formed in High Voltage Batteries

Younesi

Christiansen

Scipioni

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Carbon black (CB) additives commonly used to increase the electrical conductivity of electrodes in Li-ion batteries are generally believed to be electrochemically inert additives in cathodes. Decomposition of electrolyte in the surface region of CB in Li-ion cells at high voltages up to 4.9 V is here studied using electrochemical measurements as well as structural and surface characterizations. LiPF 6 and LiClO 4 dissolved in ethylene carbonate:diethylene carbonate (1:1) were used as the electrolyte to study irreversible charge capacity of CB cathodes when cycled between 4.9 V and 2.5 V. Synchrotron-based soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SOXPES) results revealed spontaneous partial decomposition of the electrolytes on the CB electrode, without applying external current or voltage. Depth profile analysis of the electrolyte/cathode interphase indicated that the concentration of decomposed species is highest at the outermost surface of the CB. It is concluded that carboxylate and carbonate bonds (originating from solvent decomposition) and LiF (when LiPF 6 was used) take part in the formation of the decomposed species. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and transmission electron microscopy results, however, did not show formation of a dense surface layer on CB particles. The growth of earth's population with concomitant increase in energy consumption require development of renewable energy conversion technologies coupled with advanced energy storage systems like lithium batteries.1,2 In order to increase the power density in Li-ion batteries, much research is focused on developing cathode materials that can operate at high voltages (above 4.5 V vs. Li/Li + ) with a high capacity, high cycling stability, and good rate capability.3-5 However, at high voltages, all the components of positive electrodes including the Al current collector, polymer binders, conductive additives, and other possible additives have an increased risk of degradation. In addition, one of the main issues with high voltage batteries is the instability of common aprotic electrolytes at voltage above 4.5 V. 6,7 The stability of the electrolyte/cathode interphase is related to the chemistry of electrolyte solvents and salts and also to the chemistry of the components of the cathode.Carbon black (CB) additives are one of the main constituents of cathodes, added to increase the electrical percolation and thus the electronic conductivity. 8,9 Though the weight percentage of CB in commercial batteries is generally very small, it composes a rather large part of the internal surface area of a cathode due to its small particle size (≈50 nm), low density, and high surface area. CBs are generally thought of being an electrochemically inert additive in cathodes, but few studies have investigated the role of CBs at high voltages and have indicated that CBs exhibit irreversible electrochemical reactions resulting in appreciable irreversible charge capacities. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] This charge capacity is attributed to oxid...

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Section: 13supporting

confidence: 63%

Analysis of the Interphase on Carbon Black Formed in High Voltage Batteries

Younesi

Christiansen

Scipioni

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…[1][2][3] Since the primary role of the current collectors is electron conduction, high electronic conductivity as well as high stability in that electrochemical environment are of crucial importance. [1][2][3][4] Though thin foils of nickel, copper, platinum, zinc, titanium, and other similar metals have been studied as current collectors, aluminium (Al) is the most preferred cathodic current collector in lithium-ion batteries due to its ability to form a passive film, making the electrolyte/Al interface stable even at potentials >4 V vs. Li/Li + . Al also offers light weight, low cost, good adhesion to the active materials, and good electronic conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al also offers light weight, low cost, good adhesion to the active materials, and good electronic conductivity. 3,4 The current use of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles requires safe, high energy density batteries. 5,6 One area which is very widely studied for high energy lithium batteries is the development of cathodes that operate at high voltage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Improved stability of the aluminium current collectors is also important to realise the improvement in performance offered by these high potential cathodes. 3,[9][10][11] In addition, several reports [12][13][14] in the literature also claim that the electrolyte composition, especially the nature of the salt, plays a major role in the corrosion of aluminium current collectors; some other reports claim that the solvents play a role. 15,16 In most commercially used electrolytes, lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF 6 ) is the preferred salt due to the passivation mechanism on aluminium, despite its thermal instability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passivation behaviour of aluminium current collector in ionic liquid alkyl carbonate (hybrid) electrolytes

et al. 2018

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The compatibility of current collectors with the electrolyte plays a major role in the overall performance of lithium batteries, critical to obtain high storage capacity as well as excellent capacity retention. In lithium-ion batteries, in particular with cathodes that operate at high voltage such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, the cathodic current collector is aluminium and it is subjected to high oxidation potentials (>4 V vs. Li/Li + ). As a result, the composition of the electrolyte needs to be carefully designed in order to stabilise the battery performance as well as to protect the current collectors against corrosion. This study examines the role of a hybrid electrolyte composed of an ionic liquid (N-methyl-N-propyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide or Nmethyl-N-propyl pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide) and a conventional electrolyte mixture (LiPF 6 salt and alkyl carbonate solvents) with correlation to their electrochemical behaviour and corrosion inhibition efficiency. The hybrid electrolyte was tested against battery grade aluminium current collectors electrochemically in a three-electrode cell configuration and the treated aluminium surface was characterised by SEM/EDXS, optical profilometry, FTIR, and XPS analysis. Based on the experimental results, the hybrid electrolytes allow an effective and improved passivation of aluminium and lower the extent of aluminium dissolution in comparison with the conventional lithium battery electrolytes and the neat ionic liquids at high anodic potentials (4.7 V vs. Li/Li + ). The mechanism of passivation behaviour is also further investigated. These observations provide a potential direction for developing improved hybrid electrolytes, based on ionic liquids, for higher energy density devices.npj Materials Degradation (2018) 2:13 ;

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“…Electrochemical deposition of layers of functional material on aluminum from aqueous solutions is further complicated by the fact that the aluminum surface is coated by a passivating Al 2 O 3 film between pH 5 and 8, while there is aluminum corrosion in acidic as well as alkaline solutions. 7 Aluminum has a wide field of application mainly due to its low cost, low weight and high thermal and electronic conductivities. 8 Much work has therefore been carried out to develop techniques for the protection of Al surfaces from corrosion, e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Vanadium Oxide/Manganese Oxide Hybrid Thin Films on Nanostructured Aluminum Substrates

Rehnlund

Valvo

Edström

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Electrodeposition of functional coatings on aluminum electrodes in aqueous solutions often is impeded by the corrosion of aluminum. In the present work it is demonstrated that electrodeposition of vanadium oxide films on nanostructured aluminum substrates can be achieved in acidic electrolytes employing a novel strategy in which a thin interspacing layer of manganese oxide is first electrodeposited on aluminum microrod substrates. Such deposited films, which were studied using SEM, XPS, XRD, and surface enhances Raman scattering as well as chronopotentiometry, are shown to comprise a mixture of vanadium oxidation states (i.e. IV and V). As this all-electrochemical approach circumvents the problems associated with aluminum corrosion, the approach provides new possibilities for the electrochemical coating of nanostructured Al substrates with functional layers of metal oxides. The latter significantly facilitates the development of new procedures for the manufacturing of three-dimensional aluminum based electrodes for lithium ion microbatteries. The continuous miniaturization within the field of electronics has created increased interest in the modification of nanostructured substrates and electrodeposition has emerged as a particularly promising technique for straightforward and cost-effective preparation of threedimensional (3D) structures, allowing the realization of nanostructures with functional layers.1,2 The fact that the fabrication and coating of complex 3D nanostructures can be carried out at low temperatures with precise control differentiates electrochemical deposition from other thin film deposition techniques including physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD).1 Template-assisted electrodeposition has been demonstrated to be a particularly versatile technique in the manufacture of nanostructured substrates, such as 3D arrays of copper 3,4 and aluminum nanorods. 5,6 Whereas the deposition of copper nanostructures is relatively straightforward, the corresponding deposition of aluminum nanostructures is more demanding 1 due to the need for non-aqueous solutions and a controlled oxygen-free atmosphere. Electrochemical deposition of layers of functional material on aluminum from aqueous solutions is further complicated by the fact that the aluminum surface is coated by a passivating Al 2 O 3 film between pH 5 and 8, while there is aluminum corrosion in acidic as well as alkaline solutions. 7Aluminum has a wide field of application mainly due to its low cost, low weight and high thermal and electronic conductivities.8 Much work has therefore been carried out to develop techniques for the protection of Al surfaces from corrosion, e.g. based on electrodeposition of protecting polymer layers on planar aluminum substrates. [8][9][10] In addition, a significant interest in investigating the possibilities for electrodeposition of electroactive layers on aluminum nanostructures has recently arisen as a result of the success in the manufacturing of electrodep...

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Current Collectors for Positive Electrodes of Lithium-Based Batteries

Cited by 129 publications

References 100 publications

Analysis of the Interphase on Carbon Black Formed in High Voltage Batteries

Analysis of the Interphase on Carbon Black Formed in High Voltage Batteries

Passivation behaviour of aluminium current collector in ionic liquid alkyl carbonate (hybrid) electrolytes

Electrodeposition of Vanadium Oxide/Manganese Oxide Hybrid Thin Films on Nanostructured Aluminum Substrates

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