Current cigarette smoking is a reversible cause of elevated white blood cell count: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

Abstract

While cigarette smoking is a well-recognized cause of elevated white blood cell (WBC) count, studies on longitudinal effect of smoking cessation on WBC count are limited. We attempted to determine causal relationships between smoking and elevated WBC count by retrospective cross-sectional study consisting of 37,972 healthy Japanese adults who had a health check-up between April 1, 2008 and March 31, 2009 and longitudinal study involving 1730 current smokers who had more than four consecutive annual health check-ups between April 1, 2007 and March 31, 2012.In the cross-sectional study, younger age, male gender, increased body mass index, no alcohol habit, current smoking, and elevated C-reactive protein level were associated with elevated WBC count. Among these factors, current smoking had the most significant association with elevated WBC count. In subgroup analyses by WBC differentials, smoking was significantly associated with elevated counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Ex-smoking was not associated with elevated WBC count. In the longitudinal study, both WBC and neutrophil counts decreased significantly in one year after smoking cessation and remained down-regulated for longer than next two years. There was no significant change in either WBC or neutrophil count in those who continued smoking.These findings clearly demonstrated that current smoking is strongly associated with elevated WBC count and smoking cessation leads to recovery of WBC count in one year, which is maintained for longer than subsequent two years. Thus, current smoking is a significant and reversible cause of elevated WBC count in healthy adults.

Evaluation of apoptosis and hypoxia‐related factors in gingival tissues of smoker and non‐smoker periodontitis patients

“…In terms of inflammation, total inflammatory cell counts in gingival samples of smoker periodontitis patients were significantly higher than smoker healthy, healthy and non‐smoker periodontitis patients. Increased inflammatory cell counts found in the present study are compatible with the results of previous studies . Regarding HIF‐1α expressions, periodontitis patients and healthy volunteers exhibited similarly lower values compared with the equivalent smoker groups.…”

Effect Of Cigarette Smoking And Physical Exercise On Some Hematological Parameters In Healthy Students

“…The results showed a significantly high in eosinophil (EOS) and no significant in neutrophil (NEU), while there was a significantly low in monocyte (MON) and no significantly in lymphocyte (LYM). This result consistent with (Higuchi et al, 2016) where noted increased total leukocyte count observed in smokers. Also the result show no significantly high in RBC, significantly high in Hb and PLT and no significantly low in PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC Table (1)these result consistent with (Malenica et al, 2017) where noted increased total leukocyte count observed in smokers.…”

Simultaneously elevated FeNO and blood eosinophils relate to asthma morbidity in asthmatics from NHANES 2007‐12

“…for elevated FeNO, and keeping the same cut‐off for B‐Eos (300 cells/μL) did in fact for the intermediate FeNO cut‐off lead to significant correlations between simultaneously elevated markers and most symptoms and attacks (data not shown) possibly indicating that a higher cut‐off for FeNO would be more appropriate. B‐Eos levels are also reported to vary with age, with increasing levels after 30‐40 years of age, and to be affected by smoking, where B‐Eos levels are increased in smoking subjects in a general population, but seem to decrease in asthmatic individuals who smoke . For B‐Eos, the changes in relation with asthma morbidity by increasing cut‐offs from 300 to 400 and 500 cells/μL increased slightly in this material.…”