Current Challenges in Spinal Cord Stimulation

A Single Center Prospective Observational Study of Outcomes With Tonic Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulation

“…Conversely, MPQ and BDI scales represent the affective component of chronic pain. These findings are consistent with prior studies that failed to demonstrate any reliable relationship between the degree of psychological stress and efficacy of SCS . The improvements in pain reduction and quality of life mirror the findings of three prior prospective studies of cervical SCS .…”

The Effect of High-Frequency Stimulation on Sensory Thresholds in Chronic Pain Patients

“…Advancements in the type of waveforms used during stimulation have been noted in other forms of neuromodulation. Monophasic wave pulses have been traditionally used for intravesical electrical stimulation therapy, but several studies [11][12][13][14] found that biphasic waveforms were a better alternative to monophasic waves. Specifically, the charge-balanced biphasic waveforms had an equal or lower peak current and peak voltage, as well as phase change.…”

Dorsal root ganglion stimulation yielded higher treatment success rate for complex regional pain syndrome and causalgia at 3 and 12 months: a randomized comparative trial

“…18 In some cases, these challenges can be addressed with improved surgical techniques and device programming, but pain related to CRPS and causalgia remains difficult to treat; many SCS patients do not achieve high-level pain relief, despite efforts to improve techniques and programming. 14 …”