Current-based MPC for operating-safety analysis of a reduced-order solid oxide fuel cell system

Zhang, Lin; Shi, Shaoying; Jiang, Jianhua; Li, Xi

doi:10.1007/s11581-018-2654-8

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Our early works have studied the structure of the SOFC system, simulation stratagem, parameter, and system-level optimization, and control strategies. [38][39][40][41][42] The battery of Li_ion is considered in our paper since it has been proven with good energy density and electrical efficiency compared to the other energy modes. The supercapacitor is oen known as the electric double-layer capacitor (EDLCs), which can charge and discharge more electrical energy because of its high capacitance.…”

Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of energy management in hybrid SOFC-based DC microgrid considering high efficiency and operating safety when external load power goes up

Zhang¹,

Xie

Niu³

et al. 2023

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of energy management in hybrid SOFC-based DC microgrid considering high efficiency and operating safety when external load power goes up

Zhang¹,

Xie

Niu³

et al. 2023

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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“…Based on the performance indices discussed previously, in addition to the thermal and electrical management and constraint enforcement, the optimal operating points (OOPs) are manipulated to achieve the optimal energy efficiency through the transverse optimization process, which have been conducted in our and other's previous works (Zhang et al, 2015a;Zhang et al, 2015b;Zhang et al, 2018;Zhang L et al, 2019). The OOPs can ensure thermal safety, and high efficiency in static can be obtained, which is shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Optimal Operation Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lot of researches considering the SOFC stand-alone system model with the BOP were established for the simulation and optimization in our earlier works (Zhang et al, 2015a;Zhang et al, 2015b;Zhang et al, 2018;Zhang L et al, 2019), especially the exit temperatures, species molar fractions, and molar flow rates of each control volume, which can be divided into the gas phase and solid phase, as shown in Figure 3, have been obtained from the transient energy, species, and mass conservation equations, respectively. These conservation equations are of the same general form within various system components in Table 2.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 6A shows the system input characteristics and stack remain H 2 molar flow fraction in the proposed SOFC system. It is worth pointing that our previous study (Zhang L et al, 2019) has revealed that safety operating, whether ensuring the thermal safety or avoiding fuel exhaustion, should be in the cost of the fast load tracing, namely, the SOFC system current that should slowly change. The SOFC system current slope limitation is adopted to deal with the problem of fuel exhaustion and thermal safety.…”

Section: Optimization and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization and Control for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System Hybrid DC Microgrids From the Perspective of High Efficiency, Thermal Safety, and Transient Response

Zhang¹,

Tang²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Energy Res.

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Managing the power transients with both high efficiency and thermal management constraints is a difficult task in the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) hybrid direct-current (DC) microgrids. This article proposed a SOFC-based DC microgrid, which consists of the SOFC stand-alone system, DC microgrid network, and DC/DC boost converter, along with the associated DC/DC load. The control and optimization strategy of the SOFC-based DC microgrids has been designed, including the thermal and electrical characteristics analysis. First, the voltage and current regulator based on the proportional–integral (PI) is designed, which can maintain the voltage stability of the proposed SOFC system. In addition, the optimal regulator based on the optimal operating points (OOPs) is designed, which can realize high efficiency and steady-state thermal safety of the proposed SOFC system. Finally, the main performance, including the SOFC stack electrical characteristics verification, SOFC stand-alone system electrical and thermal response, load-tracking characteristics, and system efficiency is observed and discussed in the proposed control and optimization strategy. Experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed optimization and control strategy.

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“…These controllers are robust and real‐time implementable, thus making them suitable for industrial applications. Among these controllers, H‐infinity, 29 Weiner‐type, 30 L1‐adaptive, 31,32 sliding mode, 29 and conventional model predictive 33‐35 do not give satisfactory results for the SOFC's fuel utilization factor, and the performance in the nonlinear region needs further investigations. ADR controller 36 is another system‐specific complex approach, which controls the SOFC in its nonlinear region but the fuel utilization factor during control violates the boundary limits, resulting in the reduced life of the fuel cell 20,37 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient control of a nonlinear solid oxide fuel cell system using an adaptive model predictive controller

Gupta

Pahwa

Verma

2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Over the years, the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is growing commercially due to its high fuel flexibility, lesser maintenance requirement, and environmental friendliness feature. However, its control is challenging due to its nonlinear behavior and simultaneous management of its operational constraints. Therefore, in this work, an adaptive model predictive control is designed systematically to handle the SOFC's behavior while optimizing its operational constraints such as fuel input, utilization factor, and change in pressure of hydrogen and oxygen. This model‐oriented control linearizes, augments, and discretizes the SOFC during run time while estimating the states using a time‐varying Kalman filter. Finally, it optimizes the control problem for predicting the internal states of the SOFC using successive linearization. The simulation results show that the proposed controller gives better performance of the SOFC in linear region, and significantly improved performance in nonlinear region in comparison to the conventional model predictive controller. The validation of the work has been done through real‐time simulation using OPAL‐RT's hardware setup. Using such control is beneficial as it enhances the efficiency of the SOFC significantly. Thus, this advanced controller is most suited for these kinds of nonlinear systems due to its superior performance.

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Current-based MPC for operating-safety analysis of a reduced-order solid oxide fuel cell system

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Optimization of energy management in hybrid SOFC-based DC microgrid considering high efficiency and operating safety when external load power goes up

Optimization of energy management in hybrid SOFC-based DC microgrid considering high efficiency and operating safety when external load power goes up

Optimization and Control for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System Hybrid DC Microgrids From the Perspective of High Efficiency, Thermal Safety, and Transient Response

Efficient control of a nonlinear solid oxide fuel cell system using an adaptive model predictive controller

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