“…There have been a number of previous attempts, included among which were those by Hayman (1956), Mackey (1963), Marcus (1963), Mendelson, Wexler, Kubzansky, Harrison, Leiderman, and Solomon (1964), Mindlin (1964), Blaine, Hill, and Brown (1968), Linsky (1970), Ferneau and Getler (1971), Knox (1971), Moody (1971), and Ferneau and Payne (1972), to investigate the views, opinions, attitudes and reactions of various groups toward the alcoholic specifically and alcoholism more generally. The instruments employed formerly were often designed for special segments of the population, such as caregiving groups, students, and alcoholics.…”