Current approaches for the detection of Coxiella burnetii infection in humans and animals

Sahu, Radhakrishna; Rawool, Deepak B.; Vinod, Valil Kunjukunju; Malik, S.V.S.; Barbuddhe, Sukhadeo B.

doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106087

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…In addition, targeting IS1111, a multi-copy element in C. burnetii [26,32], increases the sensitivity of the UR-qPCR system. It is believed that the use of IS1111 is limited by its presence in Coxiella-like bacteria (CLB) [33]; however, we showed that the CLB in ticks does not interfere with the accuracy of C. burnetii detection using sequencing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Real-time PCR Biochip for On-Site Detection of Coxiella Burnetii in Ticks

Truong

Yun

Lim

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Q fever, a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, has adverse effects on public health. Ticks are the natural reservoirs of C. burnetii and they contribute to the transmission of the pathogen. A tool for rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of C. burnetii from ticks is important for the prevention of Q fever. Methods: Ultra-rapid real-time PCR (UR-qPCR) as a chip-based real-time PCR system was developed for the detection of C. burnetii from ticks. The UR-qPCR system was established and evaluated for the rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity of C. burnetii detection. Results: C. burnetii was detected using UR-qPCR from 5,644 larval, nymphal, and adult ticks from 408 pools collected from livestock and epidemiologically linked environments in two provinces, Gangwon and Jeju, in Korea. Ticks from three species were identified; Haemaphysalis longicornis accounted for the highest number, present in 333 of 408 pools (81.62%), followed by Haemaphysalis flava in 62 pools (15.19%) and Ixodes nipponensis in 13 pools (3.19%). The rapidity and sensitivity of PCR detection was demonstrated with the sufficient amplification and detection of approximately 56 copies of C. burnetii DNA with only 20 min of PCR amplification. The kappa value for the diagnostic agreement between UR-qPCR and stationary qPCR was in perfect agreement (p = 1). PCR detection and sequencing indicated that C. burnetii was present in 5 of the 408 pools (1.23%), in which four pools contained H. longicornis and one pool contained H. flava. The infection rates of C. burnetii in the tick pools collected from Gangwon and Jeju Provinces were 1.70% and 0.58%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship between the detected C. burnetii and those originated from goats, humans, and ticks in different countries, such as USA, France, Germany, and Serbia. Conclusions: The results of this study could be important for the prevention and control of Q fever in the two provinces. The UR-qPCR with its features of mobility, sensitivity, and rapidity is helpful for constructing early alert systems in the field for C. burnetii in ticks and for alleviating the transmission and economic damage due to Q fever.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Real-time PCR Biochip for On-Site Detection of Coxiella Burnetii in Ticks

Truong

Yun

Lim

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Specific culture techniques are also widely used (e.g., shell bottle method, Vero cell extract-based medium culture, ACCM-2, ACCM-D). 8 However, C. burnetii is highly contagious in aerosol environments, and it can only be cultured and handled in biosafety level III laboratories. 11 Serological methods include the Weil–Felix test, complement binding assays, immunofluorescence assays, immunoperoxidase assays, the latex agglutination test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease is also widely recognized in patients with conditions associated with immunodeficiency, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 8 Diagnosis is often delayed or missed because of its non-specific symptoms. Acute symptoms are quickly relieved after appropriate antibiotic treatment, whereas chronic disease requires long-term antibiotic treatment and disease monitoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of tick-transmitted Q fever in Lishui, China diagnosed by next-generation sequencing

et al. 2021

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Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. Most patients have non-specific symptoms at onset. In addition, routine diagnostic tests for C. burnetii are not sensitive, and the bacterium cannot grow in general culture medium. The diagnosis of Q fever therefore poses a challenge. This case study describes a man with a clear history of tick bite who had recurrent fever, pneumonia, and liver damage. Routine tests and bacterial cultures failed to clarify the pathogeny, but laboratory and imaging data suggested infection. After routine tests were exhausted, we detected the presence of C. burnetii in a whole blood sample using next-generation sequencing (NGS). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Q fever associated with Coxiella burnetii detected directly from blood samples in Lishui, China. NGS has revolutionized the diagnosis of infectious diseases, especially those caused by rare or newly discovered pathogens, and patient responses have finally proved its substantial benefits. NGS has important clinical significance for the early diagnosis of chronic Q fever. This proof-of-concept study is worthy of promotion in clinical practice.

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“…A combined serological and molecular assay should be performed to estimate the actual burden of this pathogen in the herd or population, and definitive diagnosis of the clinical cases in humans and animals (Sahu et al ., 2020). However, several studies grossly underestimated the infection rate, as these are solely based on serological (Stephen et al ., 2014; Zahid et al ., 2016; Leahy et al ., 2020) or molecular (Pradeep et al ., 2017) screening.…”

Section: Coxiellosis In Indian Subcontinentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current perspectives on the occurrence of Q fever: highlighting the need for systematic surveillance for a neglected zoonotic disease in Indian subcontinent

Sahu

Rawool

Dhaka

et al. 2020

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Summary Coxiellosis or Q fever is an important global occupational zoonotic disease caused by one of the most contagious bacterial pathogens – Coxiella burnetii, which ranks one among the 13 global priority zoonoses. The detection of C. burnetii infection is exhibiting an increasing trend in high‐risk personnel around the globe. It has increasingly been detected from foods of animal origin (including bulk milk, eggs, and meat) as well as tick vectors in many parts of the world. Coxiellosis is reported to be an important public health threat causing spontaneous abortions in humans and potential reproductive failure, which would result in production losses among livestock. Further, comprehensive coverage of the reports and trends of Q fever in developing countries, where this infection is supposed to be widely prevalent appears scarce. Also, the pathogen remains grossly neglected and underreported. Moreover, policymakers and funding agencies do not view it as a priority problem, especially in the Indian subcontinent, including Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Maldives. Here, we review the occurrence and epidemiology of the disease in a global context with special emphasis on its status in the Indian subcontinent.

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Current approaches for the detection of Coxiella burnetii infection in humans and animals

Cited by 22 publications

References 159 publications

Real-time PCR Biochip for On-Site Detection of Coxiella Burnetii in Ticks

Real-time PCR Biochip for On-Site Detection of Coxiella Burnetii in Ticks

A case of tick-transmitted Q fever in Lishui, China diagnosed by next-generation sequencing

Current perspectives on the occurrence of Q fever: highlighting the need for systematic surveillance for a neglected zoonotic disease in Indian subcontinent

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