Current antithrombotic therapies and prospects of natural compounds in the management of the thrombotic disorder

Abstract

Thrombosis-associated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders are the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity; this rate is alarmingly rising. A diverse class of antithrombotic drugs like antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents are frequently used to manage thrombus-induced physiological consequences, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. But these agents have reported producing a series of adverse effects on the body, including potential bleeding episodes, which makes it urgent to discover antithrombotic therapy with higher efficacy, novel mechanisms of action, and fewer side effects. Research is still going on to isolate antithrombotic agents from various natural sources, and researchers are making remarkable progress in this field. In different experimental models, medicinal plant extracts and plant-derived bioactive compounds have been documented to produce antithrombotic activity through mechanisms like conventional drugs, with minimal or no side effects. Plant extracts and their bioactive compounds (phenolics, polysaccharides, peptides, terpenes, flavonoids) have proven their efficacy as potential candidates for developing safe antithrombotic therapy in numerous <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> models. Our review aims to introduce the readers to the relationship between thrombus formation and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), problems with traditional therapies, and the role of natural resources in managing thrombus-induced cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with possible mechanisms.

Evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and thrombolytic activities of <i>Ipomoea hederifolia</i> stem

“…When compared to standard, the methanolic extract of IHSE showed a dosedependent reduction in paralysis and death times (Figure 3). Numerous investigations have shown that alkaloids, phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin compounds are what give plants their anthelmintic effects (Athanasiadou et al, 2001;Aziz et al, 2014;Mazumder et al, 2023). By attaching to free host animal proteins or glycoprotein on the parasite's cuticle in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), tannins may cause death (Marzan et al, 2023).…”

Discovery and Characterization of Panaxatriol as a Novel Thrombin Inhibitor from Panax notoginseng Using a Combination of Computational and Experimental Approaches

“…These issues can impact the safety and efficacy of thrombin inhibitors and require careful management and individualization of treatment. Therefore, discovering novel thrombin inhibitors from herbal medicine may be a promising option, offering natural compounds with potent and selective antithrombin activity and fewer side effects 26 , 27 .…”