Current Antifungal Therapy and Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Dermatophytes

Kumar, Pawan; Latka, Chitra; Taneja, Bhupesh

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48683-3_17

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The treatment of foot mycosis can be local but essential systemic treatment is required depending on the type and location of lesions. Currently the treatment of dermatophyte infections is usually long term, with several cases of recurrence …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently the treatment of dermatophyte infections is usually long term, with several cases of recurrence. 13 Furthermore, systemic antifungal agents present many disadvantages such as therapeutic limitations with high toxicity, many drugs interactions and resistance. 14 On the other hand, the study of antifungal susceptibility mechanism constitutes an important strategy to restrict the emergence of resistance to the commercially available agents and may help to provide the efficacy of an antifungal drug, so that the development of new and potential compounds is necessary.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro biofilms and antifungal susceptibility of dermatophyte and non‐dermatophyte moulds involved in foot mycosis

Toukabri

Corpologno

Bougnoux

et al. 2017

Mycoses

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Tinea pedis and onychomycosis are among the commonest fungal diseases in the world. Dermatophytes and, less frequently, non-dermatophyte moulds are aetiological agents of foot mycosis and are capable of forming biofilms. Fungal biofilm has demonstrated increasing drug resistance. This work aims to evaluate, in vitro, the ability to form biofilm and the susceptibility to antifungal drugs of sessile dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte moulds involved in foot mycosis. Thirty-six dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte moulds isolated from Tunisian patients with foot mycoses, and identified with MALDI-TOF have been tested. MICs of fluconazole, econazole, itraconazole, terbinafine and griseofulvin were carried out using CLSI broth microdilution method. The ability to form biofilm and antifungal activities of drugs against fungal biofilm formation has been quantified by Crystal Violet and Safranin Red staining. Biomass quantification revealed that all species studied were able to form biofilms in vitro after 72 hours. Fluconazole, econazole, itraconazole and terbinafine inhibited fungal growth with MIC values ranging from 0.031 to >64 μg mL . The best antifungal activity has been obtained with terbinafine against Fusarium solani. Econazole showed the highest activity against fungal biofilm formation. These findings can help clinicians to develop the appropriate therapy of foot mycosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro biofilms and antifungal susceptibility of dermatophyte and non‐dermatophyte moulds involved in foot mycosis

Toukabri

Corpologno

Bougnoux

et al. 2017

Mycoses

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“…2 Infections caused by these fungi are also called ringworm or Tinea infections and are designated with reference to the initial site of infection, for example, Tinea capitis (infection of scalp, including favus or Tinea favosa), Tinea corporis (infection of the trunk, shoulder, or limbs, including Tinea imbricata or "tiled" ringworm), Tinea manuum (infection of the hand), Tinea pedis (athlete's foot), Tinea unguium (infection of nails), Tinea cruris (infection of groin and perianal and perineal sites), and Tinea barbae or sycosis (infection of the beard). [8][9][10][11][12][13] Although dermatophyte infections are commonly painless and superficial, they have significant negative social, psychologic, and occupational health effects and can seriously compromise the self-esteem of patients and their quality of life. Rarely, dermatophytes can be invasive, causing deeper and difficult to treat infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dermatophytes are also classified into three groups according to their natural habitats, specifically species belong to anthropophilic, zoophilic, and geophilic groups, which are transmitted from human to human, from a primary animal host to human, or soil to human via contact with contaminated soils, respectively 2 . Infections caused by these fungi are also called ringworm or Tinea infections and are designated with reference to the initial site of infection, for example, Tinea capitis (infection of scalp, including favus or Tinea favosa ), Tinea corporis (infection of the trunk, shoulder, or limbs, including Tinea imbricata or “tiled” ringworm), Tinea manuum (infection of the hand), Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot), Tinea unguium (infection of nails), Tinea cruris (infection of groin and perianal and perineal sites), and Tinea barbae or sycosis (infection of the beard) 8–13 . Although dermatophyte infections are commonly painless and superficial, they have significant negative social, psychologic, and occupational health effects and can seriously compromise the self‐esteem of patients and their quality of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the epidemiology of dermatophytosis in the Middle East and North Africa region

et al. 2021

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Dermatophytosis corresponds to a broad series of infections, mostly superficial, caused by a group of keratinophilic and keratinolytic filamentous fungi called dermatophytes. These mycoses are currently considered to be a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries such as those in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Here we compiled and discussed existing epidemiologic data on these infections in the MENA region. Most of the available studies were based on conventional diagnostic strategies and were published before the last taxonomic revision of dermatophytes. This has led to misidentifications, which might have resulted in the underestimation of the real burden of these infections in the MENA countries. Our analysis of the available literature highlights an urgent need for further studies based on reliable diagnostic tools and standard susceptibility testing methods for dermatophytosis, which represents a major challenge for these countries. This is crucial for guiding appropriate interventions and activating antifungal stewardship programs in the future. Highlights• Dermatophytosis is a major public health problem, especially in the Middle East and North Africa region.• Available trends likely reflect just the tip of the iceberg of challenges in the MENA region.• Changes in the epidemiology of dermatophytosis have been illustrated in the MENA region.• Existing data showed that AMR is projected to be on an increasing trend in the region.

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“…Considering the low efficiency of chemical antifungals against dermatophytes [ 8 , 9 ], their elimination using biological defence means would appear as an attractive alternative. However, the biological enemy will have to offer universal and safe elimination mechanisms, considering the physiological and etiological variability among individual dermatophytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oomycete Pythium oligandrum Can Suppress and Kill the Causative Agents of Dermatophytoses

Gabrielová

Mencl²,

Suchánek

et al. 2018

Mycopathologia

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Pythium oligandrum (Oomycota) is known for its strong mycoparasitism against more than 50 fungal and oomycete species. However, the ability of this oomycete to suppress and kill the causal agents of dermatophytoses is yet to be studied. We provide a complex study of the interactions between P. oligandrum and dermatophytes representing all species dominating in the developed countries. We assessed its biocidal potential by performing growth tests, on both solid and liquid cultivation media and by conducting a pilot clinical study. In addition, we studied the molecular background of mycoparasitism using expression profiles of genes responsible for the attack on the side of P. oligandrum and the stress response on the side of Microsporum canis. We showed that dermatophytes are efficiently suppressed or killed by P. oligandrum in the artificial conditions of cultivations media between 48 and 72 h after first contact. Significant intra- and interspecies variability was noted. Of the 69 patients included in the acute regimen study, symptoms were completely eliminated in 79% of the patients suffering from foot odour, hyperhidrosis disappeared in 67% of cases, clinical signs of dermatomycoses could no longer be observed in 83% of patients, and 15% of persons were relieved of symptoms of onychomycosis. Our investigations provide clear evidence that the oomycete is able to recognize and kill dermatophytes using recognition mechanisms that resemble those described in oomycetes attacking fungi infecting plants, albeit with some notable differences.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11046-018-0277-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Current Antifungal Therapy and Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Dermatophytes

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

In vitro biofilms and antifungal susceptibility of dermatophyte and non‐dermatophyte moulds involved in foot mycosis

In vitro biofilms and antifungal susceptibility of dermatophyte and non‐dermatophyte moulds involved in foot mycosis

Trends in the epidemiology of dermatophytosis in the Middle East and North Africa region

The Oomycete Pythium oligandrum Can Suppress and Kill the Causative Agents of Dermatophytoses

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