Current and Prospective of Breast Cancer Biomarkers

Abstract

Biomarkers have shown great promise over the past decade the process of drug development more effective and have become an integral part of diagnosis of diseases. Biosensors were integrated with biomarker detection and point-of-care detection for signal amplification, high specificity and sensitivity, rapid response time, low cost, simplicity and multi-analytical testing. In order to detect more sensitively, these particular biomarkers have been explored with the possibility of real-time measurements in order to develop simple and compact systems which can analyze complex specimens. Various biosensors including electrochemical biosensors have recently been developed based on disease-specific biomarkers in the diagnosis of cancer disease. The main objective of the book chapter is to review research with new materials/methods in electrochemical biosensing techniques to detection of breast cancer biomarkers and evaluating latest techniques for detection of important analytes in real samples. In this book chapter, the recent development of electrochemical biosensors of breast cancer biomarkers will be reviewed. Furthermore, recent and future trend application of breast cancer biomarkers will be discussed.

Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Immunosensors for the Detection of Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers

“…Label-Free EC Immunosensors for Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Detection CEA is a glycoprotein from the immunoglobulin family [31]. It is normally produced in the gastrointestinal tissue during prenatal development but it stops being produced before birth [32].…”

“…In most gynecological and other cancer types such as breast, ovarian, endometrial, stomach, lung, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, bladder, colon, head, neck and salivary gland cancers, it is over-expressed and can be used for prognosis [91,92]. In a normal healthy human, the blood level of HER2 ranges from 2 to 15 mg/mL [31] and increases when there is anaplastic changes and tumor development [93]. Based on this, researchers have developed highly sensitive immunosensing techniques for HER2 quantification.…”