Current and Potential Developments of Cortisol Aptasensing towards Point-of-Care Diagnostics (POTC)

Abidin, Azrul Syafiq Zainol; Ruslinda, A. Rahim; Arshad, Mohd Khairuddin; Faudzi, Fatin Nabilah Mohd; Voon, C. H.; Tang, Thean‐Hock; Citartan, Marimuthu

doi:10.3390/s17051180

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…However, recent expiration of key patents, mostly involved in their synthesis, are helping the development of these antibodies analogues. So far, no aptamers have ever been used for detection of cortisol in fishes but their potential for measuring cortisol in other species is known (Zainol Abidin et al, ). To our knowledge, however, no clear cross‐reactivity tests with other steroids have been performed.…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Measurement Of Cortisol From Fish Tismentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring cortisol, the major stress hormone in fishes

Sadoul

Geffroy

2019

Journal of Fish Biology

246

141

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Stress in teleosts is an increasingly studied topic because of its interaction with growth, reproduction, immune system and ultimately fitness of the animal. Whether it is for evaluating welfare in aquaculture, adaptive capacities in fish ecology, or to investigate effects of human‐induced rapid environmental change, new experimental methods to describe stress physiology in captive or wild fish have flourished. Cortisol has proven to be a reliable indicator of stress and is considered the major stress hormone. Initially principally measured in blood, cortisol measurement methods are now evolving towards lower invasiveness and to allow repeated measurements over time. We present an overview of recent achievements in the field of cortisol measurement in fishes, discussing new alternatives to blood, whole body and eggs as matrices for cortisol measurement, notably mucus, faeces, water, scales and fins. In parallel, new analytical tools are being developed to increase specificity, sensitivity and automation of the measure. The review provides the founding principles of these techniques and introduces their potential as continuous monitoring tools. Finally, we consider promising avenues of research that could be prioritised in the field of stress physiology of fishes.

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Section: Analytical Methods For Measurement Of Cortisol From Fish Tismentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring cortisol, the major stress hormone in fishes

Sadoul

Geffroy

2019

Journal of Fish Biology

246

141

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“…The increasing sophistication of lab-on-chipbased diagnostics at the micrometre scale (St John & Price, 2014) has resulted in shrinking the size of laboratory equipment and made cellphone-based microscopy relevant to not just resource-poor settings, but also diagnostics in developed countries. Although continued and dramatic developments in molecular and genetic diagnostics have made DNA-and protein-based tests routine diagnostic tools, parallel improvements in dyes and conjugated sensors have improved the precision of phenotypic tests (Frickmann et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2017;Zainol Abidin et al, 2017). Indeed, the relevance of phenotypic assays in clinics and biology teaching laboratories has been revived by these developments in molecular probes and microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Source 3D‐printed focussing mechanism for cellphone‐based cellular microscopy

Jawale

Rapol

Athale

2018

Journal of Microscopy

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Summary The need to improve access to microscopes in low‐resource and educational settings coupled with the global proliferation of camera‐enabled cellphones has recently led to an explosion in new developments in portable, low‐cost microscopy. The availability of accurate ball lenses has resulted in many variants of van Leeuwenhoek‐like microscopes. Combined with cellphones, they have the potential for use as portable microscopes in education and clinics. The need for reproducibility in such applications implies that control over focus is critical. Here, we describe a 3D‐printed focussing mechanism based on a rack and pinion mechanism, coupled to a ball lens‐ based microscope. We quantify the time‐stability of the focussing mechanism through an edge‐based contrast measure used in autofocus cameras and apply it to ‘thin smear’ blood sample infected with Plasmodium as well as onion skin cells. We show that stability of the z‐focus is in the micrometre range. This development could, we believe, serve to further enhance the utility of a low‐cost and robust microscope and encourage further developments in field microscopes based on the Open Source principle. Lay Description The wide spread of cellphones with cameras makes them an attractive platform for digital microscopy. Such microscopes could help improve microscope access in clinics and classrooms in the form of ‘field microscopes’, if they could be adapted for imaging cells. We integrate a 3D printed focussing mechanism made with recyclable plastic with ball‐lens microscope of the Leeuwenhoek type. We demonstrate how the device can help stabilise to a focal plane for acquiring movies of a thin‐smear of blood infected with Plasmodium and onion skin cells using a cellphone. The stability of focus is expectedly less precise as compared to research‐grade microscopes, but is of the range of a few micrometers. We believe, the focussing device demonstrates it is possible to obtain reliable and reproducible images of typical samples used in clinics and classrooms. By making the design files of this device open‐source we believe it could serve as a small step in improved, affordable and accurate ‘field microscopes’.

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“…Although they have the advantage of showing seasonal sensitivity and resolution of physiological response to external stimuli, they are often not suitable for public or point-of-care testing as they are relatively complicated and require bulky equipment. There is extensive ongoing research on lateral flow assay (LFA) as a way to overcome these problems [45]. LFA can be quantitatively analyzed without special tools, but it is difficult to quantify.…”

Section: ) Immunoassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature Review of the Usefulness of Smartphone for the Evaluation and Treatment of Mental Disorders

Woo¹,

Lee²,

Bahk³

2020

Mood Emot

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The drastic increase in mental illnesses is a global problem. Prompt improvement of symptoms through early intervention, analysis of drug efficacy, and evaluation of treatment compliance are key strategies to address this issue. However, the traditional diagnostic and therapeutic methods for mental illnesses entail assessments based on interviews or questionnaires, which require a lot of time and money. The widespread use of smartphones and their applications in recent years has made it easier to assess mental illnesses and access to treatment. However, the reliability and validity of use of smartphone applications as an assessment tool for mental illnesses has been questioned since these applications are largely based on the existing questionnaire assessment methods. To overcome these problems, use of biosensor-based smartphone applications for the diagnosis and assessment of mental illnesses is being studied. This study will introduce the current status of this approach and discuss the future prospects.

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Current and Potential Developments of Cortisol Aptasensing towards Point-of-Care Diagnostics (POTC)

Cited by 29 publications

References 64 publications

Measuring cortisol, the major stress hormone in fishes

Measuring cortisol, the major stress hormone in fishes

Open Source 3D‐printed focussing mechanism for cellphone‐based cellular microscopy

Literature Review of the Usefulness of Smartphone for the Evaluation and Treatment of Mental Disorders

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