Current and future treatment options in osteoporosis

Brewer, Linda; Williams, David; Moore, Alan

doi:10.1007/s00228-011-0999-2

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The name, ginseng, is derived from the Chinese word “rénshēn,” which means “man root.” The plant is native to Asia and North America. As much as 2000 years ago the roots of American ginseng ( P. quinquefolius ) and Korean ginseng ( P. ginseng Meyer) were traditionally used for the treatment of many diseases [53,54]. Among the 15 Panax species, 4 different species include P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. japonicus, P. quinquefolius were used commercially.…”

Section: Osteoblastogenesis/osteoblast Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng saponins and the treatment of osteoporosis: mini literature review

Ṣiddiqi¹,

Ahn²,

Kang³

et al. 2013

Journal of Ginseng Research

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The ginseng plant (Panax ginseng Meyer) has a large number of active ingredients including steroidal saponins with a dammarane skeleton as well as protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol, commonly known as ginsenosides, which have antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-adipocyte, and sexual enhancing effects. Though several discoveries have demonstrated that ginseng saponins (ginsenosides) as the most important therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis, yet the molecular mechanism of its active metabolites is unknown. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the therapeutic properties of ginsenosides both in vivo and in vitro, with an emphasis on the different molecular agents comprising receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B, and matrix metallopeptidase-9, as well as the bone morphogenetic protein-2 and Smad signaling pathways.

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Section: Osteoblastogenesis/osteoblast Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng saponins and the treatment of osteoporosis: mini literature review

Ṣiddiqi¹,

Ahn²,

Kang³

et al. 2013

Journal of Ginseng Research

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“…Incorporation of Sr into allograft bone is an attractive method for developing a superior osteogenic scaffold. The application of Sr to allograft bone is comparatively safe and practical when compared with other cytokines [8]. However, the method for Sr incorporation is very specific for bone scaffold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Allograft Bone Scaffolds: Doping with Strontium

et al. 2013

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Strontium (Sr) can promote the process of bone formation. To improve bioactivity, porous allograft bone scaffolds (ABS) were doped with Sr and the mechanical strength and bioactivity of the scaffolds were evaluated. Sr-doped ABS were prepared using the ion exchange method. The density and distribution of Sr in bone scaffolds were investigated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Controlled release of strontium ions was measured and mechanical strength was evaluated by a compressive strength test. The bioactivity of Sr-doped ABS was investigated by a simulated body fluid (SBF) assay, cytotoxicity testing, and an in vivo implantation experiment. The Sr molar concentration [Sr/(Sr+Ca)] in ABS surpassed 5% and Sr was distributed nearly evenly. XPS analyses suggest that Sr combined with oxygen and carbonate radicals. Released Sr ions were detected in the immersion solution at higher concentration than calcium ions until day 30. The compressive strength of the Sr-doped ABS did not change significantly. The bioactivity of Sr-doped material, as measured by the in vitro SBF immersion method, was superior to that of the Sr-free freeze-dried bone and the Sr-doped material did not show cytotoxicity compared with Sr-free culture medium. The rate of bone mineral deposition for Sr-doped ABS was faster than that of the control at 4 weeks (3.28±0.23 µm/day vs. 2.60±0.20 µm/day; p<0.05). Sr can be evenly doped into porous ABS at relevant concentrations to create highly active bone substitutes.

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“…The adult skeleton undergoes bone remodeling, and optimal bone health requires a metabolic balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. In age-related bone loss, osteoclast and osteoblast activity becomes uncoupled, resulting in a reduced rate of bone formation relative to the rate of bone degradation [3]. This uncoupling of bone cell activity has been attributed to multiple factors, including increased prevalence of nutritional insufficiencies (e.g., calcium, vitamin D, and protein), age-related alterations in endocrine status (e.g., decreased estrogen and insulinlike growth factor or IGF-1), decreased physical activity, increased use of medications that affect bone, and bone cell senescence [4, 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dried Plum Supplementation on Bone Metabolism in Adult C57BL/6 Male Mice

et al. 2013

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Dietary supplementation of dried plum (DP) prevents bone loss and restores bone mass in osteopenic animal models. This study was designed to determine the effects of DP supplementation on bone metabolic activity over time using adult (6-month-old) male C57BL/6 mice (n = 40) receiving control (CON = AIN93 M) or CON+DP 25 % (w/w) diets for 4 or 12 weeks. After 4 weeks of treatment, animals consuming the DP diet had a higher whole-body bone mineral density, vertebral trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), and femoral cortical thickness compared to the CON animals. In the distal metaphysis of the femur, BV/TV was increased in the DP-treated animals, but only after 12 weeks. Bone histomorphometric analyses revealed that DP decreased osteoblast surface (67 %) and osteoclast surface (62 %) at 4 weeks, but these surfaces normalized to the CON animals by 12 weeks. Coincident with these changes, the mineralizing surface (MS/BS) and cancellous bone formation rate (BFR/BS) were reduced at 4 weeks in the DP group compared to the CON, but by 12 weeks of DP supplementation, BFR/BS (~twofold) and MS/BS (~1.7-fold) tended to be increased (p < 0.10). The relative abundance of RNA for key regulators of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and indicators of osteoblast activity were reduced in the DP group at 4 weeks with no difference between groups at 12 weeks. These results indicate that supplementing the diet with DP initially suppressed cancellous bone turnover, but a biphasic response occurs over time, resulting in a positive effect on bone mass and structure.

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Current and future treatment options in osteoporosis

Cited by 44 publications

References 89 publications

Ginseng saponins and the treatment of osteoporosis: mini literature review

Ginseng saponins and the treatment of osteoporosis: mini literature review

Porous Allograft Bone Scaffolds: Doping with Strontium

Effects of Dried Plum Supplementation on Bone Metabolism in Adult C57BL/6 Male Mice

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