Current and Future Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents

Mallare, Johanna T.; Karabell, Ana H.; Velasquez-Mieyer, Pedro; Stender, Sarah; Christensen, Michael L.

doi:10.2337/diaspect.18.4.220

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The lipid-lowering effects of statins have been accompanied by C IMT regression in children. [Mallare et al 2005]. Ezetimibe is approved for use in children > 10 years of age.…”

Section: Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In children the bile-acid binding resins are associated with poor tolerability and low compliance; they also appear to have limited effectiveness in Review achieving lipid-lowering targets. Statins are now recommended as first-line therapy for children aged 10 years and older [McCrindle et al 2007a;Mallare et al 2005]. The age of the youngest patients reported in clinical trials varied from 4 to 10 years old.…”

Section: Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: Obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome in children

Velasquez-Mieyer

Neira

Nieto

et al. 2007

Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease

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The cardiometabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among overweight youth. The risk of developing the cardiometabolic syndrome is likely triggered or exacerbated by concurrent obesity, unhealthy lifestyle/eating habits, and hormonal changes (puberty). Current screening recommendations include measurement of blood pressure, fasting insulin and glucose, and total cholesterol. However, limiting assessments to these measures underestimates cardiometabolic risk in overweight youth, particularly minorities. Early identification of cardiometabolic risk in its incipient stages may justify early and more aggressive intervention to prevent progression and complications. This review provides rationale for additional assessments to determine cardiometabolic risk in overweight youth and recommends treatment options.

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“…The lipid-lowering effects of statins have been accompanied by C IMT regression in children. [Mallare et al 2005]. Ezetimibe is approved for use in children > 10 years of age.…”

Section: Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome in children

Velasquez-Mieyer

Neira

Nieto

et al. 2007

Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease

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“…Also, selenium has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and can be effective in diabetes owing to its role in oxidative stress. Studies on diabetes in mice have shown that selenium protects mitochondria from oxidative stress (Akhuemokhan et al, 2013) and plays an important role in the metabolism of vitamin E. It is essential for the normal function of pancreas (Tabar, 2012), Current drugs used for the treatment of diabetes are associated with several side effects such as hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal disorders, peripheral edema and impaired liver function (Mallare et al, 2005), hence, there is a need for effective, safe and better oral hypoglycemic agents. According to antioxidant properties of compounds derived from crab shell, the present study was carried out to determine the effects of crab shell hydroalcoholic extract on blood glucose, liver enzymes, NO, antioxidant capacity of serum and histological structure of pancreas in diabetic rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crab Shell Extract Improves Serum Biochemical Markers and Histological Changes of Pancreas in Diabetic Rats

2017

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MAKALANI, F.; KHAZAEI, M. R.; GHANBARI, E. & KHAZAEI, M.Crab shell extract improves serum biochemical markers and histological changes of pancreas in diabetic rats. Int. J. Morphol., 35(4):1437Morphol., 35(4): -1443Morphol., 35(4): , 2017 SUMMARY: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease. There are many natural agents available to control and treat diabetes. Crab shell extract has antioxidant properties. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of crab shell hydroalcoholic extract on blood glucose, liver enzymes, nitric oxide and antioxidant capacity of serum and histological structure of pancreas in diabetic rats. In this experimental study, thirty five male Wistar rats (180-220 g) were divided into control, diabetic and experimental groups (n=7). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Rats were treated for 14 days by crab shell extract with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. Fasting blood glucose, serum levels of liver enzymes, nitric oxide (NO) and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Changes of pancreatic tissue were determined using a modified aldehyde fuchsin staining method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Differences were considered statistically significant at P<0.05. Crab shell extract induced a significant reduction in blood glucose, serum levels of nitric oxide and ALT (P=0.033). Also, there were a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) (P=0.007), and insignificant decrease in serum levels of AST. The extract improved pancreatic tissue changes caused by diabetes. In conclusion, antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects of crab shell increase total antioxidant capacity of serum and decreased blood glucose, serum nitric oxide and ALT levels.

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“…[2][3][4] Current treatments for obesity include pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, and lifestyle modification. 5 Pharmacotherapy involves the use of anti-obesity drugs such as phentermine and orlistat. 6,7 While each intervention has its distinct advantages, it may also have significant adverse effects and limitations.…”

Section: Introduction Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Tolerability of an Herbal Formulation for Weight Management

Stern

Peerson

Mishra³

et al. 2013

Journal of Medicinal Food

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The clinical effects and tolerability of a novel herbal formulation comprising the extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus and Garcinia mangostana were assessed in two similarly designed randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trials in 100 human subjects with a body mass index (BMI) between 30 and 40 kg/m 2 . Participants were randomized into two groups receiving either 400 mg of herbal blend twice daily or two identical placebo capsules. All subjects received three meals (2000 kcal/day) throughout the study and walked 5 days a week for 30 min. The primary outcome was reduction in body weight. Secondary outcomes were reduction in BMI and in waist and hip circumference. Serum glycemic, lipid, and adiponectin levels were also measured. Ninety-five subjects completed the trials, and data from these two studies were pooled and analyzed. At study conclusion (8 weeks), statistically significant reductions in body weight (5.2 kg; P < .0001), BMI (2.2 kg/m 2 ; P < .0001), as well as waist (11.9 cm; P < .0001) and hip circumferences (6.3 cm; P = .0001) were observed in the herbal group compared with placebo. An increase in serum adiponectin concentration was also found in the herbal group versus placebo (P = .0008) at study conclusion along with reductions in fasting blood glucose (12.2%, P = .01), cholesterol (13.8%, P = .002), and triglyceride (41.6%, P < .0001) concentrations. No changes were seen across organ function panels, multiple vital signs, and no major adverse events were reported. The minor adverse events were equally distributed between the two groups. Our findings suggest that the herbal blend appears to be a well-tolerated and effective ingredient for weight management.

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Current and Future Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 27 publications

References 67 publications

Review: Obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome in children

Review: Obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome in children

Crab Shell Extract Improves Serum Biochemical Markers and Histological Changes of Pancreas in Diabetic Rats

Efficacy and Tolerability of an Herbal Formulation for Weight Management

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